C Practical case study on developing PHP7/8 extensions

In recent years, PHP, as a scripting language widely used in Web development, has been increasingly popular Developer favor. In order to meet the growing demand, developers have also expanded the functions of PHP through extensions. As a flexible and powerful programming language, C is often used to develop extensions to PHP to add more functions and performance optimizations.

This article will take actual cases as examples to discuss the process and techniques of developing PHP7/8 extensions in C to help readers better understand and apply this technology.

1. Project Background
Before we start, let’s first understand the project background. Suppose we need to develop a PHP extension to implement a mathematical tool library called "MathUtils". This library contains some commonly used mathematical functions, such as calculating square roots, calculating factorials, etc. We developed this extension in C to improve performance and flexibility.

2. Environment setup

1. Installing PHP7/8
   First, we need to build a PHP7/8 development environment locally. You can download and install the required PHP version through the official website and make sure it works properly.
2. Configure the compilation environment
   Next, we need to configure the compilation environment so that we can use C to write PHP extensions.

First, you need to ensure that the C compiler is installed on the system. For Windows systems, you can use MinGW or MSYS to install the GCC compiler. For Linux systems, GCC can be installed using a package manager.

Next, you need to install the PHP development tool package, which contains some necessary header files and library files.

3. Writing extensions
After the environment is set up, you can start writing extensions.

1. Create extension directory
   First, create a folder named "mathutils" in the PHP extension directory to store our extension code.
2. Write extension code
   In the "mathutils" folder, create a C source file named "mathutils.cpp". This file is the entry point for the extension code.

The following is a simple extension code example:

include

Php::Value calculateSquareRoot(Php::Parameters& params) {

double num = params[0];
double result = sqrt(num);
return result;

}

extern "C" {

PHPCPP_EXPORT void *get_module() {
    static Php::Extension extension("mathutils", "1.0");

    extension.add<calculateSquareRoot>("calculateSquareRoot");

    return extension;
}

}

In this example, we define a function called "calculateSquareRoot", Used to calculate the square root of a number. This function receives a number as argument and returns the calculated result.

3. Compile Extension
   After finishing writing the extension code, we need to compile it into a loadable binary file.

First, open the command line terminal and enter the "mathutils" folder.

Then, execute the following command to compile the extension:

g -shared -o mathutils.so mathutils.cpp -I /path/to/phpsdk/include/ -L /path/to/phpsdk /libs/ -lphpcpp

Among them, /path/to/phpsdk is the path of the PHP development tool kit, which should be replaced according to the actual situation.

Finally, copy the generated mathutils.so file to the PHP extension directory.

4. Test the extension
After completing the compilation and installation of the extension, we can test it.

1. Create a test script
   Create a PHP file named "test.php" to test our extension. Write the following code in the file:

$res = calculateSquareRoot(9);
echo "Square root of 9 is: " . $res;
?>

2. Execute the test script
   In the command line terminal, run the following command to execute the test script:

php test.php

If everything goes well, you should be able to see the output: "Square root of 9 is: 3".

At this point, we have successfully developed a C extension and called it in PHP. Through this practical case, we can understand the entire process of developing PHP extensions in C.

Summary
This article briefly introduces the actual case study of C development PHP7/8 extension. Through an example of a mathematical tool library called "MathUtils", we learned how to set up the environment, write extension code, and test it.

C Developing PHP extensions provides developers with more choices and flexibility. By taking advantage of C's performance and functionality, we can add more functionality and performance optimizations to PHP. I believe that in future development work, C development of PHP extensions will play an increasingly important role.

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