C Advanced tutorial on developing PHP7/8 extensions: Improve your development skills

Introduction:
With the rapid development of Web applications, PHP has become One of the most popular server-side scripting languages. However, sometimes the performance of PHP itself may not meet our needs. In this case, we can improve performance by developing PHP extensions. This article will introduce how to use C to develop PHP7/8 extensions and help you improve your development skills.

1. What is a PHP extension?
PHP extension allows us to use C/C language to write high-performance functions, and then compile them into dynamic link libraries for PHP to call. By using extensions, we can easily integrate low-level operations in PHP to make our applications more efficient and flexible.

2. Why choose C to develop PHP extensions?
C is a high-level programming language with excellent performance and rich features. Compared with C and other languages, C provides more advanced features, such as classes and objects, templates, exception handling, etc. This makes C an ideal choice for developing PHP extensions.

3. How to start developing PHP extensions in C?
To start developing C extensions, you first need to install a PHP development environment. On Ubuntu, you can complete the installation with the following command:
$ sudo apt-get install php-dev

Next, we need an editor to write C code. You can choose any editor you like, such as Visual Studio Code, Sublime Text or Eclipse, etc.

4. Writing the first C extension
In this example, we will write a simple C extension for calculating the Fibonacci sequence. First, we create a directory and create a file called fibonacci.cpp in the directory.

In the fibonacci.cpp file, we first include the header file php.h, which contains all the information we need to develop PHP extensions. We also defined a PHP function fibonacci for calculating the Fibonacci sequence.

include

extern "C" {

ZEND_FUNCTION(fibonacci)
{
    long n;

    if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS(), "l", &n) == FAILURE) {
        return;
    }

    long a = 0, b = 1, c;
    array_init(return_value);

    for (long i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        c = a + b;
        a = b;
        b = c;

        add_next_index_long(return_value, a);
    }
}

ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO(arginfo_fibonacci, 0)
    ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, n)
ZEND_END_ARG_INFO()

const zend_function_entry fibonacci_functions[] = {
    ZEND_FE(fibonacci, arginfo_fibonacci)
    ZEND_FE_END
};

ZEND_MODULE_ENTRY(fibonacci_module_entry)
{
    STANDARD_MODULE_HEADER,
    "fibonacci",
    fibonacci_functions,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    NO_VERSION_YET,
    STANDARD_MODULE_PROPERTIES
};

ZEND_GET_MODULE(fibonacci)

}

Next, we need to create a file named config.m4 file and add the following content in it:

PHP_ARG_ENABLE(fibonacci, whether to enable the fibonacci module, [ --enable-fibonacci Enable fibonacci support])

if test " $PHP_FIBONACCI" != "no"; then

PHP_REQUIRE_CXX()
PHP_SUBST(FIBONACCI_SHARED_LIBADD)
PHP_ADD_LIBRARY(stdc++, 1, FIBONACCI_SHARED_LIBADD)
PHP_NEW_EXTENSION(fibonacci, fibonacci.cpp, $ext_shared)

fi

After completion, we enter the terminal window and run the following command in the directory to compile:

$ phpize
$ ./configure --enable-fibonacci
$ make
$ sudo make install

After compilation is complete, we need to enable our extension in the php.ini file. Find the php.ini file and edit it, adding the following:

extension=fibonacci.so

Save and close the file, then restart your web server.

5. Test C extension
In order to test whether our extension is working properly, we can create a file called test.php and add the following content:

var_dump(fibonacci(10));
?>

Save and run the test.php file, you will see that the output is the first 10 numbers of the Fibonacci sequence.

6. Expand your development skills
By using C to develop PHP7/8 extensions, you can further improve your development skills. You can try to write more complex functions to achieve more advanced functions. During development, you can also study PHP's internals and use them in C code.

Summary:
This article introduces how to use C to develop PHP7/8 extensions and improve development skills. Whether you want to improve performance or implement advanced functionality, C extensions are a good choice. By learning the methods described in this article, I believe you can easily develop powerful PHP extensions.

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