How to evaluate the compliance of existing PHP code to adapt to the latest coding standards?

How to evaluate the compliance of existing PHP code to adapt to the latest code specifications?

In the process of software development, code specifications are considered to be a very important task. It makes your code more readable and maintainable, reduces the likelihood of errors, and makes your code easier to work with others. However, coding standards update and evolve over time, and new conventions and best practices emerge. For existing codes, how to evaluate their compliance so that corresponding modifications and adjustments can be made? This article will introduce a method to evaluate the compliance of existing PHP code by using static code analysis tools and some common code specification guidelines.

First of all, the choice of static code analysis tools is crucial. A commonly used tool is PHP_CodeSniffer, which can help us evaluate the compliance of the code by checking for syntax and specification errors in the code. PHP_CodeSniffer can detect and report problems such as indentation, naming conventions, comment specifications, etc. Installing PHP_CodeSniffer can be completed through Composer. The specific operations are as follows:

composer require --dev squizlabs/php_codesniffer

After the installation is completed, we can use the following command to check the compliance of the code:

vendor/bin/phpcs --standard=PSR2 path/to/your/code/directory

Among them, --standard =PSR2 indicates using the PSR-2 specification for detection, and path/to/your/code/directory is the code directory that needs to be detected.

In addition to using static code analysis tools, we can also refer to some common code specification guidelines to evaluate the degree of code compliance. For example, PHP-FIG (PHP Framework Interop Group) has released a series of code specifications, which are widely used in PHP development, such as PSR-4 (Automatic Loading Specification), PSR-7 (HTTP Message Interface Specification), etc. Here are some common coding standards guidelines and examples:

1. PSR-1: Basic Coding Standards

   • Files should use <?phpStart of tag
   • The file should use UTF-8 encoding and should not contain BOM (Byte Order Mark)
   • The end of the file should not use ?>tag
   • Namespace and class names should conform to StudlyCapsnaming style

<?php

namespace VendorPackage;

class ClassName
{
    // ...
}

2. PSR-2: Coding Style Guide
   Use 4 spaces for indentation, no tabs
   Maximum 80 characters per line
   Operator two There is a space on the side, for example
   • $a = $b $c;
   A line can only contain one statement
   Use new lines for curly braces for classes, methods and properties

<?php

namespace VendorPackage;

class ClassName
{
    public function fooBar($arg1, &$arg2, $arg3 = [])
    {
        if ($arg1 === $arg2) {
            return $arg3;
        }
        
        for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++) {
            echo $i;
        }
    }
}

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