Coding style and specifications in C++

C is a programming language widely used in software development. Its efficiency and flexibility allow people to implement projects of various sizes and complexity. However, an excellent C code should have good coding practices and clear specifications, so as to ensure the readability, maintainability and scalability of the code. Therefore, this article will explore coding styles and conventions in C.

1. Naming convention

Naming is one of the most basic elements in programming and an important factor in code readability and maintainability. In C, naming habits can be standardized according to the following aspects:

1) Identifiers should be meaningful, naming should be short and clear, easy to understand, easy to remember, and clearly expressed.

2) The first letter of variable and function names should be lowercase, and the first letter of class names should be uppercase, and the first letter of an underscore should not be used.

3) Constant and enumeration names should be in all capital letters, and words should be connected by underscores.

4) Avoid using abbreviations and abbreviations when naming, as abbreviations and abbreviations may make the code difficult to understand.

2. Indentation and brackets

The use of indentation and brackets is mainly to make the code easier to read and understand.

1) Indentation specification

In C language, code blocks are usually enclosed by curly brackets, and indentation is used to make the code more hierarchical and easier to read.

The correct indentation method is to use indentation symbols (such as tab) and the agreed number of indentation characters. For example, in a code block, the indentation is usually 4 or 8 spaces. This allows each code block to have its own independent hierarchy.

2) Parentheses specification

In C, the use of parentheses is very important. It can tend to restrict the scope of code blocks and statements, making the code written more standardized. When using parentheses, the following specifications are generally adopted:

1. If the code block has only one statement, the parentheses can be omitted. However, in this case, it is recommended not to omit the parentheses due to code performance issues.
2. If the code block has multiple statements, parentheses must be added.
3. In C, curly braces should be placed next to the line and should not be placed on an independent line.
4. Comment specifications

Comments are a very important part of the code, which help explain the implementation of the code, algorithms, data structures, etc.

In C, comments are divided into two types, namely single-line comments and multi-line comments. The specific specifications are as follows:

1) Single-line comments

A single-line comment should be contained between two slashes, and the comment should explain the code or expression after it is placed, or the one before it code. The following is an example of a single-line comment:

// Convert the number x to a string type

2) Multi-line comment

Multi-line comments use / and / two symbols, this kind of comment is often used in many places such as the header of code files, classes, functions or code blocks that will be referenced. The specific specifications are as follows:

/* This function implements the sorting algorithm. The input parameter is an array and its length

The return value is an array arranged in non-descending order

* /

4. Function specifications

Function is one of the basic units of programming. When declaring and defining functions in C, the following specifications should be followed:

1) The name of the function should be readable and express the function of the function. It is best not to use simple characters to name it, such as "fn", "sub", etc.

2) The parameters of the function should be clearly named so that people can understand the meaning of the parameters at a glance, and the parameters should be placed in consistent positions in the function declaration and definition.

3) The return type of a function should always be declared in an explicit manner. It is recommended not to use implicit conversion to avoid unnecessary bugs.

5. Class specifications

A class is the basic unit in object-oriented programming. It describes the behavior and attributes of an object. The definition of a class should comply with the following specifications:

1) Class names should start with a capital letter and use camel case (the first letter of each consecutive word is capitalized). For example MyClass.

2) Member functions in a class should start with a lowercase letter and use camel case naming (the first letter of each consecutive word is capitalized). For example myFunction().

3) The naming of member variables in the class needs to follow the naming convention mentioned above.

4) Classes should abide by the principle of encapsulation, that is, isolate all data and implementation from the outside, and only provide necessary interfaces for external use.

To sum up, C programming specifications and coding standards are of great significance and can improve the readability, maintainability and scalability of the code. Pay more attention to coding style in actual projects and strictly abide by it, which will provide great convenience for team collaboration and code management.

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