In-depth analysis: TCP/IP knowledge involved in building a web server on CentOS-Linux Operation and Maintenance-php.cn

In-depth analysis: TCP/IP knowledge involved in building a web server on CentOS

Introduction:
In the modern Internet era, it is very important to build a stable and reliable web server. For administrators using CentOS systems, understanding and mastering TCP/IP knowledge is crucial to building a web server. This article will provide an in-depth analysis of the TCP/IP knowledge involved in building a web server on CentOS and provide corresponding code examples.

1. Introduction to TCP/IP protocol
TCP/IP is a set of protocols used for Internet communication. It consists of TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and IP (Internet Protocol). TCP is responsible for the reliable transmission of data, while IP is responsible for routing and forwarding of data packets.

2. IP address and port

IP address
The IP address is the address that uniquely identifies the device in the network. In CentOS systems, you can view and configure the IP address through the ifconfig command. For example, view the IP address of the eth0 network interface with the following command:
```
ifconfig eth0
```
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Port
Port is an important concept in TCP/IP communication, used to identify the communication of a process or service port. Commonly used ports include 80 (HTTP), 443 (HTTPS), etc. On CentOS systems, you can use the netstat command to check the port occupancy:
```
netstat -an | grep LISTEN
```
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3. Build the Apache server
Apache is an open source web server software that is widely used on the Internet and corporate intranets. On CentOS systems, you can use the following command to install Apache:

sudo yum install httpd

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After the installation is complete, you can start the Apache server through the following command:

sudo systemctl start httpd

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In order to test whether the Apache server is successfully built, you can open the browser And enter the IP address of the server, such as http://192.168.1.100. If the Apache default welcome page appears, the setup is successful.

4. TCP/IP related file configuration
Building a web server on a CentOS system also requires configuring some TCP/IP related files. The following are several commonly used configuration files:

/etc/hosts
This file is used to configure the corresponding relationship between host names and IP addresses. You can edit the hosts file using the following command:
```
sudo vi /etc/hosts
```
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Add the following content in the file:
```
192.168.1.100 example.com
```
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/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
This file is used to configure the IP address and other information of the network interface. The file can be edited using the following command:
```
sudo vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
```
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Add the following content in the file:
```
DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=192.168.1.100 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 GATEWAY=192.168.1.1 ONBOOT=yes
```
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/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
The The file is the main configuration file of the Apache server. You can use the following command to edit the file:
```
sudo vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
```
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Add the following content in the file:
```
ServerName example.com:80
```
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5. Firewall configuration
CentOS system has the firewall enabled by default. The firewall needs to be configured to allow communication from the web server. The following are several commands for firewall configuration:

Open http service

sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent sudo firewall-cmd --reload

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Open https service

sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=https --permanent sudo firewall-cmd --reload

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6. Summary
This article provides an in-depth analysis of the TCP/IP knowledge involved in building a web server on CentOS and provides corresponding code examples. Mastering this knowledge is very important for building and maintaining web servers. I hope readers can benefit from it and be able to use it flexibly in practice.

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