Internationalization and localization technologies for PHP and CGI: how to adapt to different languages ​​and regions

Internationalization and localization technology of PHP and CGI: How to adapt to different languages ​​and regions

With the development of globalization, building a website or application that can run normally in different languages ​​​​and regions has changed. becomes more and more important. In the development of PHP and CGI, the application of internationalization and localization technology can help us achieve this goal. This article will introduce how to implement internationalization and localization in PHP and CGI, and provide some sample code.

1. The concepts of internationalization and localization

Internationalization (Internationalization) refers to the ability to design applications to adapt to multiple languages ​​and cultures. Localization refers to the process of translating an application's interface and text into a specific language and region.

2. Implementation of internationalization and localization

In PHP, we can use the gettext extension to achieve internationalization. gettext is a standard internationalization tool that allows us to translate the text of our application into different languages. First, we need to install the gettext extension. We then need to create a .po file containing all text translations and use the xgettext command to extract all translation strings from the source code. Next, we can use a specialized translation tool, such as Poedit, to edit the translation strings in the .po file. Finally, we need to convert the .po file into a binary format .mo file. The following is an example of internationalized PHP code:

<?php
    // 设置语言环境
    putenv("LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8");
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "zh_CN.UTF-8");

    // 指定mo文件的路径
    bindtextdomain("messages", "locale");

    // 选择翻译域
    textdomain("messages");

    // 使用gettext翻译文本
    echo _("Hello World!");
?>

In CGI, we can use the internationalization template library (libintl) to achieve internationalization and localization. The internationalization template library is a standard library for internationalization and provides similar functions to gettext. We need to make sure that libintl is installed on the server. The following is an example of internationalized CGI code:

#include <locale.h>
#include <libintl.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    /* 设置语言环境 */
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "zh_CN.UTF-8");

    /* 绑定翻译域 */
    bindtextdomain("messages", "locale");

    /* 选择翻译域 */
    textdomain("messages");

    /* 使用gettext翻译文本 */
    printf("%s
", gettext("Hello World!"));

    return 0;
}

3. Implementation of localization

In addition to translating text, localization also includes formatting of date, time and currency. In PHP, we can use strftime function and money_format function to format date time and currency. The following is an example localized PHP code:

<?php
    // 设置语言环境
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "zh_CN.UTF-8");

    // 格式化日期时间
    $date = strftime("%d %B %Y");
    echo $date;

    // 格式化货币
    $number = 1234.56;
    $formatted_number = money_format("%n", $number);
    echo $formatted_number;
?>

In CGI, we can use the function library localeconv to obtain localized date, time and currency formats. The following is an example of localized CGI code:

#include <locale.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <localeconv.h>

int main() {
    /* 设置语言环境 */
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "zh_CN.UTF-8");

    /* 获取本地化的日期时间格式 */
    struct timeval tv;
    struct tm *tm;
    char date[128];

    gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
    tm = localtime(&tv.tv_sec);

    strftime(date, sizeof(date), "%d %B %Y", tm);
    printf("%s
", date);
    
    /* 获取本地化的货币格式 */
    struct lconv *lc = localeconv();
    double number = 1234.56;
    char formatted_number[128];

    snprintf(formatted_number, sizeof(formatted_number), lc->currency_symbol, number);
    printf("%s
", formatted_number);

    return 0;
}

IV. Summary

Internationalization and localization are the basis for building cross-language and regional applications. In PHP and CGI, we can use the gettext extension and the internationalization template library to achieve internationalization and localization. In addition to translating text, localization also includes formatting of dates, times, and currencies. By properly applying these technologies, we can provide users with a better user experience and enable our applications to adapt to the needs of different languages ​​and regions.

This article provides some sample code, hoping to help readers understand and apply internationalization and localization technologies. At the same time, you also need to pay attention to the culture and customs of different languages ​​and regions, and respect local laws and regulations to ensure that applications can run normally in different languages ​​and regions.

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