PHP and phpSpider: How to deal with IP bans from anti-crawler websites?

PHP and phpSpider: How to deal with IP bans from anti-crawler websites?

Introduction:
In the process of web crawling or data collection, we often encounter some websites that adopt anti-crawler strategies and block IP addresses that frequently initiate access requests. This article will introduce how to use PHP and the phpSpider framework to deal with this IP blocking strategy and provide code examples.

1. The principle and response strategy of IP banning
   The principle of website banning of IP is generally based on the access frequency of IP address or the matching of given rules. To deal with this blocking strategy, we can take the following methods:
2. Use proxy IP: By using proxy IP, each request will be accessed through a different IP, thereby avoiding being banned by the website. This is a relatively simple and straightforward method. We can use the Proxy plug-in in the phpSpider framework to achieve this function. The sample code is as follows:

<?php
require 'vendor/autoload.php';

use phpspidercorephpspider;
use phpspidercoreequests;

// 设置代理ip
requests::set_proxy('http', 'ip地址', '端口号');

// 设置用户代理，模拟真实浏览器行为
requests::set_useragent('Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3');

// 其他请求设置...

$configs = array(
    'name' => '代理ip示例',
    'log_show' => true,
    'user_agent' => 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)',
    'domains' => array(
        'example.com',
    ),
    'scan_urls' => array(
        'http://example.com/',
    ),
    'list_url_regex' => array(
        "http://example.com/list/d+",
    ),
    'content_url_regex' => array(
        "http://example.com/content/d+",
    ),
    // 其他爬虫配置...
);

$spider = new phpspider($configs);

$spider->start();

2. Use IP proxy pool: Maintain a stable Available IP proxy pool, access by randomly selecting different proxy IPs to reduce the risk of being banned. We can use third-party IP proxy services or build our own IP proxy pool. The sample code is as follows:

<?php
require 'vendor/autoload.php';

use phpspidercorephpspider;
use phpspidercoreequests;

// 获取IP代理
function get_proxy_ip()
{
    // 从代理池中随机选择一个IP
    // ... 从代理池获取代理IP的代码
    return $proxy_ip;
}

// 设置代理IP
requests::set_proxy('http', get_proxy_ip());

// 其他请求设置...

$configs = array(
    // 爬虫配置
    // ...
);

$spider = new phpspider($configs);

$spider->start();

3. Adjust request frequency: If the reason for being banned is sending requests frequently, you can adjust the frequency of requests and increase the interval between requests to avoid sending a large number of requests in a short period of time. . The sample code is as follows:

<?php
require 'vendor/autoload.php';

use phpspidercorephpspider;
use phpspidercoreequests;

// 设置请求间隔时间
requests::set_sleep_time(1000); // 1秒

// 其他请求设置...

$configs = array(
    // 爬虫配置
    // ...
);

$spider = new phpspider($configs);

$spider->start();

2. Use the phpSpider framework to implement anti-crawler strategies
   phpSpider is a PHP Web crawler framework that simplifies the development process of web crawlers and provides some commonly used functions plugin. When crawling websites that need to deal with anti-crawlers, we can implement corresponding strategies by using the functions provided by the phpSpider framework. The following are some common functional plug-ins and sample codes:
3. Useragent plug-in: Set a disguised Useragent header information to simulate browser requests, which can avoid being recognized as a crawler by the website. The sample code is as follows:

<?php
require 'vendor/autoload.php';

use phpspidercorephpspider;
use phpspidercoreequests;
use phpspidercoreselector;

// 设置Useragent
requests::set_useragent('Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3');

// 其他请求设置...

$configs = array(
    // 爬虫配置
    // ...
);

$spider = new phpspider($configs);

$spider->start();

2. Referer plug-in: Set a valid Referer value to simulate which page the user jumps from, which can sometimes bypass some anti-crawler detection. The sample code is as follows:

<?php
require 'vendor/autoload.php';

use phpspidercorephpspider;
use phpspidercoreequests;

// 设置Referer
requests::referer('http://www.example.com');

// 其他请求设置...

$configs = array(
    // 爬虫配置
    // ...
);

$spider = new phpspider($configs);

$spider->start();

Summary:
This article introduces how to deal with the IP banning strategy of anti-crawler websites in PHP and phpSpider frameworks. By using proxy IP, IP proxy pool, adjusting request frequency and other methods, you can effectively avoid the risk of being banned. At the same time, the phpSpider framework provides some functional plug-ins, such as Useragent plug-in and Referer plug-in, which can help us better simulate browser behavior and further respond to anti-crawler strategies. I hope this article will be helpful to developers of web crawlers and data collection.

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