How to implement load balancing on Linux

How to implement load balancing on Linux

Load balancing refers to distributing requests to multiple servers to balance the load of the server and improve system availability and performance. In Linux systems, load balancing can be achieved by using LVS (Linux Virtual Server) and Nginx. The following will introduce how to use LVS and Nginx for load balancing configuration.

1. Use LVS to achieve load balancing

LVS is a load balancing software based on the kernel module, which can distribute requests to multiple back-end servers. The following are the steps to use LVS to achieve load balancing:

(1) Install the LVS software package

To install the LVS package on the Linux system, use the following command:

sudo apt-get install ipvsadm

(2 ) Set up a virtual server

Create a virtual server and distribute requests to multiple backend servers. The following is an example virtual server settings:

sudo ipvsadm -A -t <VIP>:<PORT> -s <SCHEDULER>
sudo ipvsadm -a -t <VIP>:<PORT> -r <RSERVER1>:<RPORT> -g
sudo ipvsadm -a -t <VIP>:<PORT> -r <RSERVER2>:<RPORT> -g
sudo ipvsadm -a -t <VIP>:<PORT> -r <RSERVER3>:<RPORT> -g

Where, is the virtual IP address, is the port number for receiving requests, is the type of scheduler (such as wrr, lc, rr), , and are the IP addresses of the backend servers, and is the port number of the backend servers.

(3) Enable IP forwarding

To enable IP forwarding on the Linux system, use the following command:

sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

2. Use Nginx to achieve load balancing

Nginx is a high-performance open source web server software that can also be used to achieve load balancing. The following are the steps to use Nginx to achieve load balancing:

(1) Install the Nginx software package

To install the Nginx software package on the Linux system, use the following command:

sudo apt-get install nginx

( 2) Modify the Nginx configuration file

Edit the Nginx configuration file, usually located in /etc/nginx/nginx.conf, find the "server" block in the "http" block, and modify it as follows:

http {
    upstream myapp {
        server <RSERVER1>:<RPORT>;
        server <RSERVER2>:<RPORT>;
        server <RSERVER3>:<RPORT>;
    }

    server {
        listen <VIP>:<PORT>;

        location / {
            proxy_pass http://myapp;
        }
    }
}

Among them, , and are the IP addresses of the backend servers, is the port number of the backend servers, is the virtual IP Address, is the port number to receive the request.

(3) Restart the Nginx service

Use the following command to restart the Nginx service:

sudo service nginx restart

It should be noted that Nginx also supports other load balancing algorithms and configuration options, you can Adjust according to actual needs.

The above are the steps on how to use LVS and Nginx to achieve load balancing on Linux systems. By properly configuring and using these tools, the availability and performance of the system can be effectively improved and applied to various Internet applications and services.

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