How to monitor system performance on Linux

How to monitor system performance on Linux

In Linux systems, monitoring system performance is very important. It can help us understand the system load, resource consumption, and application running status. This article will introduce several commonly used monitoring tools and methods and provide code examples.

1. top command

The top command is one of the most common and basic Linux system monitoring tools. It can display running processes and system resource usage in real time. The following is the basic usage of the top command:

top

In the output of the top command, you can see information such as CPU usage, memory usage, number of processes, process ID, etc. Press the "q" key on the keyboard to exit the top command.

2. htop command

The htop command is an improved version of the top command, providing a more beautiful and interactive interface. It supports a variety of operations, such as pressing the F key on the keyboard to sort processes, pressing the H key on the keyboard to display the process tree, etc. The following is the usage of the htop command:

htop

htop's interface is more friendly, you can move up and down through the arrow keys, and you can use the F1-F10 keys to perform different operations.

3. vmstat command

The vmstat command is used to report virtual memory statistics and system performance. It can display various statistics about processes, memory, swap and CPU. The following is the usage of the vmstat command:

vmstat 1

The above command will display system performance information every 1 second.

4. iostat command

The iostat command is used to report CPU usage and device utilization. It provides information about the device's read and write data, average wait time, and number of I/O requests per second. The following is the usage of the iostat command:

iostat -d -x

The above command will display the details of the disk usage, including the read and write rate, bandwidth and average response time of each device.

5. sar command

The sar command is used to collect and report system activity information. It provides detailed statistics related to CPU, memory, I/O and network. The following is the usage of sar command:

sar -u 1 10

The above command will display 10 samples of CPU usage every 1 second.

The above are several commonly used Linux system monitoring tools and methods. You can choose the appropriate tool according to your own needs. The following is a simple sample code that uses a Python script to monitor CPU usage in real time and log it to a log file:

import psutil import time def monitor_cpu_usage(interval, duration, log_file): with open(log_file, 'w') as f: for i in range(duration): cpu_usage = psutil.cpu_percent(interval=interval) f.write(f'{time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")} - CPU usage: {cpu_usage}% ') time.sleep(interval) monitor_cpu_usage(1, 10, 'cpu_usage.log')

The above code uses the psutil module to obtain the CPU usage and log it to a log file. You can adjust the sampling interval and duration as needed.

Summary

Monitoring system performance on a Linux system is very important and can help us discover and solve performance problems in a timely manner. This article introduces several commonly used monitoring tools and methods, as well as a simple code example. hope it is of help to you.

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