How to solve poor code readability errors in Python code?

The Python language is generally considered an easy-to-learn and easy-to-code tool. Although the Python language is concise and clear, bad coding habits may lead to reduced code readability. Bad coding habits can also affect the maintainability and scalability of your code. In this article, we will share some tips to improve the readability of Python code and prevent bad habits in the code.

1. Naming convention

Naming rules are the basis for the readability of Python code. Whether it is a variable, function or class, the name should be descriptive and should be kept simple. Avoid using unnecessary abbreviations or names with unclear abbreviations. Variable names should start with a lowercase letter, while class names should start with an uppercase letter. For example, some examples are listed below:

Good example:

class UserProfile:
    def __init__(self, username, email):
        self.username = username
        self.email = email

email = "user@gmail.com"
user_profile = UserProfile("user", email)

Bad demo:

class up:
    def __init__(self, un, e):
        self.username = un
        self.eml = e

e = "user@gmail.com"
up = up("user", e)

Although the latter works fine, it affects the readability of the code and maintenance are very poor.

2. Comments

Comments are another key component of readability. Comments can increase the readability of code, especially when explaining a specific part of the code or explaining an idea. However, excessive use of comments can make the code complex and difficult to read. Therefore, unnecessary comments should be avoided and key parts should be commented instead.

When setting comments, it is best to adopt a standard format and style. For example, Python developers often use triple quotes to create docstrings that are part of the modules, classes, and methods in the standard library. The following is an example:

class Rectangle:
    """一个代表矩形的类。

        参数:
        width (int): 矩形的宽度。
        length (int): 矩形的长度。
    """
    def __init__(self, width, length):
        self.width = width
        self.length = length

    def area(self):
        """"计算矩形的面积。"""
        return self.width * self.length

At this time, using the help() function we can quickly access the document of the rectangle class:

>>> r = Rectangle(3,4)
>>> help(Rectangle)

Output:

Help on class Rectangle in module __main__:

class Rectangle(builtins.object)
 |  Rectangle(width, length)
 |  
 |  一个代表矩形的类。
 |  
 |  参数:
 |  width (int):矩形的宽度。
 |  length (int):矩形的长度。
 |  
 |  Methods defined here:
 |  
 |  __init__(self, width, length)
 |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
 |  
 |  area(self)
 |  计算矩形的面积。
 |  
 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 |  Data descriptors defined here:
 |  
 |  __dict__
 |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
 |  
 |  __weakref__
 |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)

3. Function Length

Functions should be kept short. If there are too many lines of code, this can cause the function to become difficult to read and understand. At the same time, shorter, focused functions are easier to maintain and test. From a readability perspective, there should be no more than one screen of code. If the function code exceeds fifty lines, you should consider splitting it into multiple functions.

4. Module Division

When developing large projects, the code base will usually include multiple files, so it is necessary to divide the code logic into maintainable and extensible modules .

Modules should be kept as brief and focused as possible and designed to accomplish a specific task. Furthermore, they should have simple interfaces for better usage. Finally, the name of the module should correspond to its functionality.

5. Quoted spaces

In Python code, Python requires agreed space characters to be added between different parts of the code to improve readability. For example, add a space after the comma (,) and colon (:) to make the code easier to read. At the same time, you should avoid adding too many spaces in the code to avoid excessive formatting and affecting readability.

6. Organizing Code

It is important to organize your code a lot to preserve good code structure in the future. In Python applications, you can use modules and packages to organize code. It is necessary to use class and function encapsulation.

You can use packages to group related modules and sub-packages together. For example, in a package called messages, you can include a module called sms.py, which can contain functions for sending and receiving text messages. messages can also contain a sub-package called email, which contains other related modules for handling email.

messages/
    __init__.py
    sms.py
    email/
        __init__.py
        receiving.py
        sending.py

Summary

In Python, code readability is very important. Bad programming habits can make code difficult to read and maintain. By adopting good coding practices, avoiding excessive comments and code length, module division, whitespace and code organization techniques, we can write Python code conveniently. Use these techniques to create readable, scalable, and maintainable code that lays the foundation for future project development.

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