Build high-concurrency API services: use go-zero to implement

With the advent of the big data era, the amount of data that enterprises need to process is getting larger and larger, and the processing speed is getting faster and faster. Therefore, it becomes very important to build high-concurrency API services. In this article, we will introduce how to use the go-zero framework to build high-concurrency API services.

1. What is go-zero?

go-zero is a microservice framework developed based on Golang language. Its goal is to solve the pain points in microservice architecture, such as complex configuration, middleware management, service registration and other issues. go-zero supports the rapid construction of high-performance APIs, middleware and RPC services, and provides a rich set of components and tool chains.

2. Why use go-zero?

Using go-zero can bring the following advantages:

1. High performance

go-zero uses a large number of optimization technologies, including asynchronous IO and the underlying coroutine pool wait. Therefore, its performance is very high and it can handle a large number of concurrent requests.

2. Easy to expand

go-zero provides a large number of components and tool chains, and you can quickly expand your services through configuration files without rewriting the code.

3. High reliability

go-zero uses many stable technologies, such as service registration centers such as etcd and Consul, to ensure the reliability of the entire system.

4. High development efficiency

go-zero's API development is based on Swagger/OpenAPI, so it can generate documents and clients, which improves development efficiency.

3. How to use go-zero to build a high-concurrency API service?

Step 1: Install go-zero

go-zero uses a large number of optimization technologies, including asynchronous IO, underlying coroutine pool, etc. Therefore, its performance is very high and it can handle a large number of concurrent requests.

Step 2: Create API

To create a simple API, we need to create an api directory in the project directory and create a file in it, such as user.api, and then in the file Write the following content:

type (
    UserReq struct {
        Name  string `json:"name"`
        Age   int    `json:"age"`
        Email string `json:"email"`
    }

    UserResp struct {
        Id       int    `json:"id"`
        UserName string `json:"username"`
        Age      int    `json:"age"`
        Email    string `json:"email"`
    }

    UserApi interface {
        AddUser(ctx context.Context, req UserReq) (*UserResp, error)
        UpdateUser(ctx context.Context, id int, req UserReq) (*UserResp, error)
        GetUser(ctx context.Context, id int) (*UserResp, error)
    }
)

type (
    // 具体实现自己根据需要实现
    DefaultUserApi struct {
    }
)

func (ua *DefaultUserApi) AddUser(ctx context.Context, req UserReq) (*UserResp, error) {
    // 具体实现自己根据需要实现
    return nil, errors.New("not implement")
}

func (ua *DefaultUserApi) UpdateUser(ctx context.Context, id int, req UserReq) (*UserResp, error) {
    // 具体实现自己根据需要实现
    return nil, errors.New("not implement")
}

func (ua *DefaultUserApi) GetUser(ctx context.Context, id int) (*UserResp, error) {
    // 具体实现自己根据需要实现
    return nil, errors.New("not implement")
}

Step 3: Use goctl to generate code

# 安装goctl
GO111MODULE=on GOPROXY=https://goproxy.io,direct go get -u github.com/tal-tech/go-zero/tools/goctl
# 生成代码
goctl api go -api user.api -dir .

will generate the user.go file in the directory, which contains our customized struct and interface, as well as some The struct and function generated by go-zero itself.

Step 4: Implement specific logic

In the user.go file, we need to implement our own specific logic, for example:

package api

import (
    "context"
    "errors"

    "github.com/tal-tech/go-zero/core/logx"
    "github.com/tal-tech/go-zero/rest/httpx"
)

type (
    UserReq struct {
        Name  string `json:"name"`
        Age   int    `json:"age"`
        Email string `json:"email"`
    }

    UserResp struct {
        Id       int    `json:"id"`
        UserName string `json:"username"`
        Age      int    `json:"age"`
        Email    string `json:"email"`
    }

    UserApi interface {
        AddUser(ctx context.Context, req UserReq) (*UserResp, error)
        UpdateUser(ctx context.Context, id int, req UserReq) (*UserResp, error)
        GetUser(ctx context.Context, id int) (*UserResp, error)
    }
)

type (
    // 具体实现自己根据需要实现
    DefaultUserApi struct {
    }
)

func (ua *DefaultUserApi) AddUser(ctx context.Context, req UserReq) (*UserResp, error) {
    // 具体实现
    logx.Info("add user:", req)
    return &UserResp{
        Id:       10001,
        UserName: req.Name,
        Age:      req.Age,
        Email:    req.Email,
    }, nil
}

func (ua *DefaultUserApi) UpdateUser(ctx context.Context, id int, req UserReq) (*UserResp, error) {
    // 具体实现
    logx.Info("update user:", id, req)
    return &UserResp{
        Id:       id,
        UserName: req.Name,
        Age:      req.Age,
        Email:    req.Email,
    }, nil
}

func (ua *DefaultUserApi) GetUser(ctx context.Context, id int) (*UserResp, error) {
    // 具体实现
    logx.Info("get user:", id)
    return &UserResp{
        Id:       id,
        UserName: "张三",
        Age:      25,
        Email:    "zhangsan@mail.com",
    }, nil
}

func (ua *DefaultUserApi) Error(ctx context.Context, err error) {
    httpx.Error(ctx, err)
}

Step 5: Write the configuration file

Create an etc directory in the project root directory, create a file config.toml in it, and write the following content:

Name = "user"

[server]
Host = "0.0.0.0"
Port = 8888
Mode = "dev"

[etcd]
Hosts = [
    "127.0.0.1:2379"
]

[redis]
Host = "127.0.0.1:6379"
Type = "standalone"
Password = ""

Among them, the Host and Port under the server represent the address and port of the service listening respectively. , etcd represents the address of etcd registration center, and redis represents the address of redis.

Step 6: Start the service

Execute the following command in the project directory:

go run user.go -f etc/config.toml

means to start the API service with config.toml as the configuration file.

Step 7: Test the service

Use curl and other tools to initiate a request and test whether the API interface is available. For example:

curl localhost:8888/user -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"name":"zhangsan", "age": 20, "email": "zhangsan@mail.com"}'

means sending a request to the POST method of localhost:8888/user, and the request body contains a JSON object.

Reference materials:

go-zero official documentation: https://go-zero.dev/

go-zero github address: https://github.com /tal-tech/go-zero

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