What are the best practices for cache design in Golang?

What are the best practices for cache design in Golang?

With the rapid development of Internet technology, caching technology is becoming more and more important. As a high-performance programming language, cache design is also an important part of Golang. This article will introduce the best practices of cache design in Golang and propose solutions to common performance problems and security issues.

1. Why caching is needed

Caching technology is an essential part when developing high-concurrency web applications. Caching technology can help us quickly obtain data in a short period of time, reduce the access pressure on the database, and improve the response speed of the system. At the same time, caching technology can also effectively avoid the problems of repeated calculations and frequent reading of data.

2. Best practices in cache design

1. Cache elimination strategy

In Golang, we can use the map data structure to implement caching. However, when there is too much cached data, the expanded map will occupy a large amount of memory, causing system lags. Therefore, we need to design a cache elimination strategy to ensure the stable operation of the system.

There are three common cache elimination strategies:

(1) First in first out (FIFO) strategy: eliminate the earliest data added to the cache;

(2) Least recently used (LFU) strategy: eliminate the least frequently used data;

(3) Least recently used (LRU) strategy: eliminate the least recently used data.

In actual development, we can check the cache expiration time through the timer mechanism, and delete expired cache data according to different elimination strategies.

2. Cache penetration problem

Cache penetration means that when there is no corresponding data in the cache, a large number of requests will directly penetrate the cache layer and directly access the database, eventually causing database pressure. Too big a problem. In this case, we need to use the Bloom filter algorithm to filter invalid requests and prevent invalid requests from directly accessing the database.

3. Cache expiration problem

Cache expiration means that the data in the cache will be deleted if it has not been accessed within a certain period of time. In Golang, we can implement a timer by using the Tick() mechanism of the time package to determine the cache expiration time and eliminate it.

4. Cache breakdown problem

Cache breakdown means that when a certain hot data is accessed by a large number of requests, but the data in the cache has expired, the request will directly penetrate the cache. layer, directly accessing the database, causing the problem of excessive pressure on the database. In order to avoid this situation from happening, we can use a mutex lock mechanism to ensure that each thread can only access the database once to avoid a large number of requests accessing the database at the same time.

3. Summary

The best practices of cache design in Golang mainly include cache elimination strategy, cache penetration problem, cache expiration problem and cache breakdown problem. In actual development, we need to choose different caching strategies based on actual conditions to avoid cache performance and security issues and improve system performance and reliability. Through the introduction of this article, we can have a deeper understanding of the best practices of cache design in Golang and provide better practical guidance for cache design in actual production environments.

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