File system management guide in Linux systems

With the continuous development of computer technology, there are more and more types of operating systems. Among them, the Linux operating system is increasingly loved and used by users because of its open source code, high degree of customization, and high reliability. At the same time, file system management in Linux systems has become particularly important because it is directly related to data security and management efficiency.

The file system management in the Linux system mainly includes the following contents:

1. Types of file systems

The commonly used file systems in the Linux system are: ext2, ext3, ext4 , XFS, etc. Among them, ext2 is an older file system. It does not record the modification history of files and does not have the ability to restore files; ext3 adds a log function compared to ext2 and can record file modification history, but the ability to restore files is relatively weak; ext4 Compared with ext3, it adds more features, such as more powerful log function, more efficient file allocation method, etc.; XFS is a high-performance file system, which uses B-tree as the index method and supports rapid file system expansion and Shrink.

2. Creation, mounting and unmounting of file systems

In Linux systems, you can create file systems through the mkfs command, including ext2, ext3, ext4 and other types of file systems. After creating the file system, you need to mount it to the specified location through the mount command. For example, to mount /dev/sda1 to /mnt, you can use the following command:

mount /dev/sda1 /mnt

To uninstall the file system, use the umount command. For example, to unmount the file system under /mnt, you can use the following command:

umount /mnt

3. Expansion and reduction of the file system

In use When using a Linux system, you may need to expand or reduce the file system capacity. For the LVM (Logical Volume Management) file system, you can expand it through commands such as vgextend and lvextend, and use the resize2fs command to adjust the file system size. For example, to expand the LVM volume capacity of /dev/sdb1 to 10GB, you can use the following command:

vgextend myvg /dev/sdb1
lvextend -L 5G /dev/myvg/myvol
resize2fs /dev/myvg/myvol

To reduce the size of the LVM volume, you can first use the resize2fs command to reduce the file system size, and then use the lvreduce and vgreduce commands to reduce the size of the volume.

4. File system backup and recovery

In Linux systems, commonly used file system backup tools include tar and rsync. Among them, tar packages files and directories into one file and compresses it into .tar or .tar.gz format, which can realize backup of the entire file system; while rsync can realize incremental backup, that is, only the difference part is backed up, saving backup time and storage space. After the backup is completed, you can restore it through the tar and rsync commands.

5. File system management

In the Linux system, you can use the df command to view the current disk space usage, and the du command to view the disk space usage of the specified directory. At the same time, Linux systems also provide a recycle bin function similar to that in Windows systems, namely Trash, which can avoid accidentally deleting files. In addition, the quota command is also provided in the Linux system, which can be used to limit the amount of disk space used by users.

In short, in Linux systems, good file system management can effectively protect users’ data security and improve users’ work efficiency. Therefore, it is recommended that when using a Linux system, you must have a certain understanding of file system management and properly configure the file system.

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