How to use Git version control in Linux systems

Git is a free distributed version control system that can help developers better manage and collaborate on code. It runs on multiple platforms, including Linux systems. In this article, we will discuss how to use Git version control in Linux systems to better manage our code.

1. Install Git

To use Git in a Linux system, you first need to install Git. In Ubuntu and Debian systems, Git can be installed using the following command:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install git

In other Linux distributions, Git can be installed through the package manager.

After installing Git, use the following command to check the Git version:

git --version

If the version information is output, it means that Git has been successfully installed.

2. Set up Git

Before using Git, we need to perform some basic configuration. First, you need to configure Git user information, including user name and email address, so that Git can record the author and time of each submission. This can be configured using the following command:

git config --global user.name "your name"
git config --global user.email "your email address"

Next, we need to set the default editor used by Git. You can use the following command to set the editor (for example, set to Vim):

git config --global core.editor vim

3. Create a Git repository in the Linux system

In the Linux system, to use Git version control, you need to create A Git repository. An existing project can be initialized as a Git repository using the following command:

cd /path/to/project
git init

This will create a hidden folder named .git in the project directory that contains all configuration and version information for the Git repository.

4. Use Git version control

After creating the Git warehouse, we can start using Git for version control. Here are some common Git commands:

1. git add: Add changes to the Git repository.

git add file.txt

2. git commit: Submit the changes that have been added to the Git repository as a new version.

git commit -m "commit message"

3. git status: View the file status in the Git repository (modified, added, submitted, etc.).

git status

4. git log: View the committed version history.

git log

5. git branch: Create, list, or delete branches.

git branch new_branch

6. git checkout: Switch to other branches or committed versions.

git checkout branch_name

7. git merge: Merge a branch or committed version into the current branch.

git merge branch_name

5. Use GitHub for remote code management

In addition to local version control, Git can also be used with remote code hosting platforms such as GitHub. Here are some steps to connect Git and GitHub:

1. Create a new code repository on the GitHub website.
2. Create a local Git repository and associate the local Git repository with the GitHub repository.

git remote add origin git@github.com:user_name/repo_name.git

3. Push changes from the local Git repository to the GitHub repository.

git push origin master

The above steps associate our local Git repository with the GitHub repository and push the local code to the GitHub repository.

Summary:

Git is a powerful version control system that can help us better manage code and collaborate on development. Using Git in a Linux system requires basic configuration and understanding of common Git commands. Remote code management and collaborative development can be carried out through remote code hosting platforms such as GitHub. Mastering the use of Git can improve the efficiency of code management and help us better manage and develop projects.

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