MySQL implements fault recovery technology for data storage

With the advent of the big data era, the security and stability of data storage have become increasingly important. As one of the most popular open source databases in the world, MySQL also faces data storage security and stability issues. Therefore, it is particularly important to implement failure recovery technology for MySQL data storage.

MySQL fault recovery technology is mainly divided into two types: physical fault recovery and logical fault recovery.

Physical fault recovery refers to database damage caused by hardware failure, system crash, server downtime, etc. In this case, we need to perform physical recovery.

The first thing to understand is the MySQL log file. MySQL's log files are mainly divided into three types: binary log (binlog), error log (errorlog) and query log (querylog).

The binary log is one of the most important log files of the MySQL database. It records all database change operations, such as inserting, updating, and deleting data tables. Because the binary log is the core log file of MySQL, you need to pay attention to the binary log when performing physical fault recovery.

MySQL's physical failure recovery is mainly divided into two steps:

The first step is backup.

Backup can be performed through the mysqldump command or the xtrabackup command. The mysqldump command is MySQL's own backup tool that can generate backup files in SQL statement format. If there is a large amount of data in the database, the backup speed will be slower. The xtrabackup command is a third-party backup tool provided by Percona. It has a fast backup speed and supports incremental backup and full backup.

The second step is recovery.

Recovery is mainly divided into three steps:

1. Check for hardware failures, such as hard drive damage, etc., to ensure that the hard drive is available.

2. Use the backed up data to restore. If the backup data is in SQL statement format, you need to use the mysql command or phpmyadmin and other tools to execute the statements in the backup file line by line. If the backup data is in binary format, you need to use the mysqlbinlog command to convert the binary log into SQL statements and execute these SQL statements line by line.

3. Verify the recovered data to ensure the integrity and correctness of the data.

Logical fault recovery refers to database failures caused by application or operating system errors. In this case, we need to perform logical recovery.

There are many methods of logical recovery. Here is a log-based recovery method. This method is mainly divided into three steps:

The first step is to find the fault record.

First check the error log and query log to find the fault record. Then based on the fault record, find the last complete SQL statement before the fault.

The second step is to find the binary log before the failure.

Based on the fault record and the last complete SQL statement, find the last binary log before the fault.

The third step is to recover based on the binary log.

Use the mysqlbinlog command to convert the pre-fault records in the binary log into SQL statements and execute these SQL statements.

The above is the failure recovery technology of MySQL for data storage. Whether it is physical fault recovery or logical fault recovery, data and logs need to be backed up. The frequency of backup can be adjusted according to business needs. At the same time, attention should be paid to the storage location of backup data and logs to avoid damage to backup data and logs caused by some unpredictable factors.

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