Implementing concurrent programming in Go language: mastering the basic principles of concurrency

Implementing concurrent programming in Go language: Mastering the basic principles of concurrency

In the field of modern computers, multi-core and multi-threading are one of the hottest topics today. Concurrent programming has become a very important part of today's software development industry. The Go language, as a programming language that has received more and more widespread attention, has a high degree of inherent concurrency characteristics and can help developers easily implement concurrent programming.

In this article, we focus on concurrent programming in the Go language and explore how to master the basic principles of concurrent programming.

1. Goroutine

Go language has coroutine (goroutine) as the basic concurrency building block. It is a lightweight thread and is managed by the runtime environment of Go language. . With the support of goroutines, the Go language can easily implement efficient concurrent programming.

Using goroutine is very simple, just add the "go" keyword before the function:

go func() {
  // 这里是需要异步执行的任务
}()

You can also use a function containing parameters to start:

func work(done chan bool) {
  // 这里是异步任务，执行完成后通过done channel写入数据
  done<- true
}

done := make(chan bool)
go work(done)
<-done

2. Channel

Channel is another concurrency building block in the Go language. It is a method of message passing and synchronization between different goroutines. Through Channel, different goroutines can communicate data safely without worrying about race conditions and other threading issues.

Go language provides three channels:

• Only receives but does not send (channel <- T)
• Only sends but does not receive (channel lT -> )
• Two-way communication (channel T)

Using channel is very simple, just use the make function to create a channel:

ch := make(chan int)

Send data:

ch <- 1

Receive data:

v := <-ch

3. Mutex

When multiple goroutines access shared resources at the same time, race conditions and deadlocks are prone to occur. In order to solve this problem, the Go language provides the Mutex type, which can lock and unlock shared resources to ensure that only one goroutine can access the resource at the same time.

Using Mutex is very simple. You only need to add lock and unlock operations before and after the code that accesses shared resources:

var mu sync.Mutex

mu.Lock()
// 这里是对共享资源的访问代码
mu.Unlock()

4. WaitGroup

In In concurrent programming, sometimes you need to wait for all goroutines to complete their tasks before performing subsequent operations. At this time, you can use the WaitGroup type, which can wait for all goroutines to complete before performing subsequent operations.

Using WaitGroup is very simple. You only need to add the Add operation before starting the goroutine, add the Done operation after the goroutine task is completed, and then use the Wait operation in the main thread to wait for the goroutine to complete:

var wg sync.WaitGroup
for _, url := range urls {
  // 启动goroutine
  wg.Add(1)
  go func(url string) {
    http.Get(url)
    wg.Done() // 执行完毕
  }(url)
}
wg.Wait() // 等待所有goroutine完成

Summary

The Go language is inherently equipped with a high degree of concurrency, making it a very popular programming language today. Effectively mastering the basic principles of concurrent programming is the key to achieving efficient, stable, and safe concurrent programs. In this article, we introduced the key concurrency building blocks in Go language, including Goroutine, Channel, Mutex and WaitGroup. By in-depth understanding of these basic principles, it can help developers implement efficient concurrent programming more easily.

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