Swoole Advanced: Use multi-threading to improve concurrency

With the rapid development of the Internet and the increasing number of users, the requirements for the concurrency capability of the server are getting higher and higher. Therefore, when developing server-side programs, improving the concurrency capability is an issue that cannot be ignored. In the field of PHP, the emergence of the Swoole framework provides a new choice for high-concurrency processing of PHP.

Swoole is a high-performance PHP network communication framework. It is developed based on PHP extensions. It provides network communication functions such as TCP/UDP server, WebSocket server, HTTP server, etc., and supports multi-threading, asynchronous IO, protocol It has very high performance and reliability.

In this article, we will focus on how to use Swoole multi-threading to improve the concurrency capabilities of the program.

1. Introduction to Swoole multi-threading

The Swoole framework provides concurrent processing capabilities based on multi-threading, which allows the program to process multiple client requests at the same time, thereby improving concurrency capabilities. In Swoole, multi-threading is achieved by creating sub-processes.

Creating a subprocess in Swoole is very simple, just call the swoole_process class provided by Swoole. The specific usage method is as follows:

$process = new SwooleProcess(function (SwooleProcess $worker) {
    // 子进程逻辑代码
});
$process->start();

The above code can create a child process and execute the corresponding logic code in the child process. The logic code here is the operation to be performed in the child process. When we need to manage these sub-processes in the main process, we can achieve it through the SwooleProcess::wait method:

while ($ret = SwooleProcess::wait()) {
    // 处理子进程的退出事件
}

When the sub-process exits, the main process will pass the above code Loop statement to monitor the exit event of the child process and handle it accordingly after the event occurs.

The benefit of using Swoole multi-threading is not only to improve the concurrent processing capabilities of the program, but also to enable the program to handle some time-consuming operations more elegantly, such as reading and writing databases, network requests, etc., because these operations usually It takes a lot of CPU time, but after using multi-threading, these operations can be handed over to the sub-process for processing, thus not affecting the normal operation of the main process.

2. Application of Swoole multi-threading

Below we use an example to demonstrate how to use Swoole multi-threading to improve the concurrent processing capabilities of the program. Suppose we have a task queue, multiple clients can submit tasks to the queue, and the main process needs to constantly monitor the tasks in the queue. When there is a task in the queue, the main process will hand over the task to one of the child processes. deal with.

The specific implementation is as follows:

$processNum = 4; // 开启的子进程数

for ($i = 0; $i < $processNum; $i++) {
    $process = new SwooleProcess(function (SwooleProcess $worker) {
        while (true) {
            $taskId = $worker->pop();
            if ($taskId === false) {
                break;
            }
            // 处理任务的逻辑代码
        }
    });
    $process->start();
    $workerProcessList[] = $process;
}
while (true) {
    $taskId = $taskQueue->pop();
    if ($taskId === false) {
        continue;
    }
    $process = $workerProcessList[$taskId % $processNum];
    $process->push($taskId);
}

The above code implements a simple task queue. The main process continuously takes out tasks from the task queue and hands the task to one of the sub-processes for processing. The processing logic of the sub-process is implemented through swoole_process. When there is a task that needs to be processed, the sub-process will get the task data from the main process and process it accordingly.

In the above code, we start 4 sub-processes and store them in the $workerProcessList array. Each child process is created through the swoole_process class. The processing logic is mainly to obtain task data through $worker->pop(), and after obtaining the data Carry out corresponding processing. The main process obtains the pending task data through $taskQueue->pop() and hands it to one of the child processes for processing.

To sum up, using multi-threading is an effective way to improve PHP's concurrent processing capabilities, and the Swoole framework provides very convenient multi-thread processing capabilities, which can achieve high concurrent processing capabilities through simple code. . If you encounter high concurrency during development, you can try to use Swoole multi-threading for optimization to better improve the performance and reliability of the program.

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