What are the common Behat operations in PHP programming?

What are the common Behat operations in PHP programming?

Behat is a behavior-driven development (BDD) tool that allows testers and developers to write test cases in natural language and convert these test cases into executable code. It supports PHP language and provides rich libraries and functions to implement a variety of common testing operations. The following lists common Behat operations in PHP programming.

1. Preconditions (Background)

When writing test cases, sometimes there are some common preconditions that need to be set first, such as starting a browser, logging in Users etc. These operations can be achieved by adding Background to the Feature file. All steps in Background will be run before each test scenario is executed.

Sample code:

Feature: 购物车功能测试
  Background:
    Given 打开浏览器
    And 登录用户
  Scenario: 添加商品到购物车
    Given 进入商品详情页
    When 点击“添加到购物车”按钮
    Then 显示“添加成功”的提示消息

In the above example, the two steps in Background will be executed before each test scenario. The steps in the test scenario will inherit the preconditions in the Background.

2. Parameterization (Scenario Outline)

Behat allows parameterization of test cases through Scenario Outline. In Scenario Outline, you can use placeholders to replace variables and define specific test data in the Examples table. This way, you can write just one set of test cases, but run the tests multiple times with different data.

Sample code:

Feature: 简单计算器功能测试
  Scenario Outline: 加法
    Given 在计算器页面
    When 输入 <x> 和 <y>
    And 点击“加”按钮
    Then 显示正确结果 <result>
    
    Examples:
      | x | y | result |
      | 1 | 2 | 3      |
      | 3 | 4 | 7      |
      | 5 | 6 | 11     |

In the above example, you can use placeholders to replace variables and define specific test data in Examples. When you run a test, Behat will run the test multiple times using the data in the table.

3. To-do items (Pending)

During the development process, due to some reasons, some test cases may not be completed. In this case, you can use the @pending tag to separate the tests. Use cases are marked as backlog items.

Sample code:

Feature: 订单管理功能测试
  Scenario: 查看历史订单
    Given 登录用户
    When 进入订单列表页
    And 点击“历史订单”按钮
    Then 显示历史订单列表
    
    @pending
    Scenario: 查看收藏夹
    Given 登录用户
    When 进入收藏夹
    Then 显示收藏夹列表

In the above example, the second test case is marked as a to-do item, and Behat will skip the execution of this test case.

4. Test tag (Tag)

Behat supports using the @ tag to filter and mark test cases. These tags can be custom or predefined. For example, @wip (work in progress), @slow (slow test), @smoke (smoke test), etc. Use tags to run only specific tests, or to ignore certain test scenarios.

Sample code:

@wip @javascript
Feature: 用户列表管理功能测试
  Scenario: 用户列表显示
    Given 进入用户列表页面
    Then 显示用户列表
    
@smoke
Feature: 用户登录功能测试
  Scenario: 登录成功
    Given 进入登录页面
    When 输入正确的用户名和密码
    And 点击“登录”按钮
    Then 显示欢迎消息

In the above example, you can use the @ tag to mark different test cases and filter the execution as needed.

Conclusion

The above are common Behat operations in PHP programming. Using these operations, you can easily write and manage test cases and provide effective testing support during the development process. The use of Behat improves developers' work efficiency and better ensures the quality and reliability of software.

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