How to build a highly available Go language service

With the continuous development of Internet business, high availability has become a very critical requirement. As a high-performance and easy-to-write language, Go language has also received more and more attention in recent years. So how to build a highly available Go language service? In this article, we will give some corresponding solutions from multiple perspectives.

1. High availability of infrastructure

Before building a highly available Go language service, we must first fully consider the high availability of the infrastructure. High availability of infrastructure mainly includes the following aspects.

1. High availability of the host

To ensure the high availability of the host, a fault-tolerant mechanism is required. Common fault-tolerance mechanisms include multi-node peer-to-peer, master-slave mode, or dual-master mode. Different fault tolerance mechanisms are suitable for different business scenarios. For example, highly IO-intensive services use multi-node fault tolerance, while highly CPU-intensive services may adopt master-slave mode or dual-master mode.

2. High availability of database

The database is the most important part of a service system, so its high availability must be ensured. Multi-master or master-slave replication can be used to ensure high availability of the database. At the same time, you can also use the HA solution of the database, such as MySQL's MHA or PostgreSQL's RepMgr, which are commonly used solutions.

3. High availability of load balancing

After introducing load balancing into the system, requests can be effectively balanced. Common load balancing methods include software and hardware. For example, Nginx, LVS, etc. are common software load balancing methods. Hardware load balancing methods often use hardware devices such as F5. Whether it is software or hardware load balancing, high availability needs to be taken into consideration.

4. High availability of the network

To ensure the high availability of services, the network of the system must be ensured to operate normally, and the reconfigurability and delay of the network must also be considered. A common solution is to use VRRP technology and use two network cards for communication. One network card serves as the IP address of the host, and the other network card serves as network redundancy backup.

2. High availability at the code level

High availability at the code level refers to considering high availability during the application code writing process. Commonly used solutions include the following.

1. Layered design

Using the layered design model, the service can be split into multiple sub-services. Each sub-service can be deployed and expanded independently, and multiple sub-services can be organically combined through chain calls.

2. Error handling

Error handling is a very important part of service engineering. In Go language, error handling must be more careful. Error handling in your code should be as detailed as possible, and error handling should be as clear and understandable as possible. During the error handling process, error timeouts, retries, etc. can be taken into consideration and handled accordingly.

3. Caching

Caching in an application can greatly improve the efficiency and availability of the program, and can reduce the pressure on the back-end system. The use of cache in Go language is very simple. You can use the Cache command in the standard library to implement it or use libraries such as RediCache.

3. High availability in monitoring

Monitoring is one of the important guarantees to ensure the high availability of services. The purpose of monitoring is to monitor the entire system in real time, detect faults in time and deal with them in a timely manner. Common monitoring methods include the following.

1. Monitoring endpoints

By adding monitorable endpoints to the application, you can quickly locate the problem when the system fails. For example, add a custom endpoint to the HTTP server. By accessing the endpoint, you can view HTTP return code, server status and other information.

2. Log monitoring

Log monitoring is a common monitoring method. You can upload the log files generated in the application to the log system through the directory monitoring tool, and integrate the log system with the monitoring system. This makes it easy to quickly locate problems.

3. System Monitoring

Using system monitoring tools, you can check the resource usage of the system in real time and detect faults in time. Common system monitoring tools include Zabbix, Nagios, etc.

Summary:

When building a highly available Go language service, you need to consider the three aspects of infrastructure, code and monitoring as a whole. For different business scenarios, different solutions can be used to achieve high availability. Only by comprehensively considering these three aspects can we build a highly available service system.

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