Pure functions in functional programming in Go language

In modern programming languages, functional programming (Functional Programming) is receiving increasing attention. Introducing functional programming ideas can improve the simplicity, readability and maintainability of code.

In the Go language, functional programming has also been widely used. Among them, pure function is one of the important concepts in functional programming.

Pure Function refers to a function that can obtain a unique output result based on input parameters. It does not change any external state, nor does it affect the running environment of the program.

Pure functions have the following characteristics:

1. The same input parameters must produce the same output result.
2. It will not cause any external observable side effects (such as modifying global variables, file reading and writing, etc.).
3. Does not rely on any external state.

The benefit of pure functions is their reliability and testability. Because pure functions have no external state that needs to be modified, they can be used and tested over and over again without interfering with each other.

In the Go language, unnecessary concurrency problems can be easily avoided by using pure functions. Because pure functions have no side effects, they can be executed concurrently without locking without causing any unexpected problems.

Writing pure functions in Go language can be done in the following ways:

1. Do not use global variables. You can pass the variables that need to be passed as parameters of the function and then return the result.
2. Will not produce any side effects. Even if some modifications are necessary, the modified results must be returned to the caller rather than directly modifying the external state.

The following is an example that demonstrates how to write pure functions in Go language:

func add(a int, b int) int {
    return a + b
}

func main() {
    x := 1
    y := 2
    z := add(x, y)
    fmt.Println(z)  // 输出3
}

In the above code, the add() function is a pure function and it returns The result depends only on the input parameters. Any variables in the main() function will not be modified or affected.

In general, pure functions are one of the basic concepts in functional programming. This programming style helps improve the reliability, testability and maintainability of the code. In the Go language, using pure functions can not only solve concurrency problems, but also make the code more concise and readable.

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