With the popularity of Node.js and the increase in application scenarios, front-end developers need to use various tools to speed up development efficiency and improve development quality. The most basic of them is the template engine, which can combine data or variables with HTML templates and output a final HTML document. In the Node.js ecosystem, there are many excellent template engines to choose from. This article will compare several commonly used Node.js template engines, as well as their characteristics and applicable scenarios, to help you choose the most suitable template engine for you.

1. ejs

ejs is a simple JavaScript template engine that is implemented using pure JavaScript. The template syntax is very similar to JavaScript itself. The rendering speed of ejs is very fast, and it supports writing JavaScript code in the template, which is very convenient. EJS also provides some simple control flow statements to handle logic issues. The disadvantage of ejs is that it does not have a complete template inheritance mechanism and needs to use the include method to handle reused code.

ejs usage examples:

// index.ejs文件内容

  
    
Hello <%= name %>
    
  
      <% for(var i=0; i
        
<%= fruits[i] %>
      <% } %>
    
  


// 代码渲染
const ejs = require('ejs');
const template = ejs.compile(fs.readFileSync('index.ejs', 'utf-8'));
const html = template({ 
  fruits: ['apple', 'banana', 'orange'],
  name: 'world'
});
console.log(html);

2. jade/pug

jade/pug is an efficient HTML template engine with very concise syntax , template files are very readable. The focus of jade/pug is indentation and nesting, which can greatly reduce the use of HTML tags and improve the readability and maintainability of the code. jade/pug also supports template inheritance, making it easy to reuse templates. However, its learning curve is relatively steep and requires developers' coding and interpretation skills.

jade/pug usage example:

// index.pug文件内容
html
  head
    title My title
  body
    h1 My title
    ul
      each fruit in fruits
        li= fruit

// 代码渲染
const pug = require('pug');
const template = pug.compile(fs.readFileSync('index.pug', 'utf-8'));
const html = template({ 
  fruits: ['apple', 'banana', 'orange']
});
console.log(html);

3. handlebars

handlebars is a template engine based on concepts similar to Mustache, which allows you to More convenient processing of data and template inheritance. Handlebars provides a rich syntax to implement data rendering and control flow, but compared to ejs, its rendering speed is slightly lower. In addition, the syntax provided by handlebars is more concise and clear, and easy to learn.

Usage examples of handlebars:

// index.hbs

  
    
{{name}}
    

      {{#each fruits}}
        
{{this}}
      {{/each}}
    
  


// 代码渲染
const handlebars = require('handlebars');
const template = handlebars.compile(fs.readFileSync('index.hbs', 'utf-8'));
const html = template({ 
  fruits: ['apple', 'banana', 'orange'],
  name: 'world'
});
console.log(html);

4. nunjucks

nunjucks is a flexible and powerful template engine that combines its tag syntax with the Django template engine Similarly, multiple language extensions are available. nunjucks supports object-oriented template inheritance and block-level overrides, which can easily achieve efficient view rendering. It can also automatically escape HTML tags to avoid XSS attacks.

Usage examples of nunjucks:

// index.html

  
    
{{name}}
    

      {% for fruit in fruits %}
        
{{ fruit }}
      {% endfor %}
    
  


// 代码渲染
const nunjucks = require('nunjucks');
const template = nunjucks.compile(fs.readFileSync('index.html', 'utf-8'));
const html = template.render({ 
  fruits: ['apple', 'banana', 'orange'],
  name: 'world'
});
console.log(html);

Summary:

Through the above comparison and analysis of advantages and disadvantages, we can find that each template engine has its applicable scenarios and characteristics. For beginners, it is recommended to use ejs and handlebars, their syntax is concise and clear, and the learning curve is low. For developers with certain experience, you can consider using jade/pug and nunjucks, which are more powerful and support more features.

Careful readers may find that this article does not cover the template engines in frameworks such as Vue and React, which are very popular on the front end. The reason is that Vue and React do not have their own template engines. They use the render function and jsx syntax to build the view layer. But whether in front-end or Node.js development, by learning the use of template engines, we can better improve development efficiency and code quality.

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