Analysis of nginScript examples of nginx

Let’s briefly talk about nginx

nginx [engine x] is the most popular and best web server and reverse proxy server in the world. According to statistics from third-party companies, at least 23% of servers around the world currently use nginx, and of course this number is still expanding. It is also the first choice for domestic BAT, so this is why we paid attention to it for the first time.

nginx can mainly do the following:

1. Working on the seventh layer of tcp, it can analyze and process all contents of the http protocol.
2. Support lua, perl, javascript dynamic language
3. Support third-party plug-ins

Let’s talk about nginscript

1. nginscript is javascript/ecmascript subset. It implements most of the capabilities of the JavaScript language, does not fully comply with the ECMAScript standard, and abandons the more difficult parts of JavaScript.

2. nginscript is not implemented through the v8 engine. Instead, it is implemented through a small virtual machine (vm) that is smaller, has lower energy consumption, and is more suitable for nginx application scenarios. It can be understood that nginx implements its own set of lexical analysis.

3. nginscript runs in the nginx configuration file. For example: in the nginx.conf file. Therefore, nginscript can complete everything that traditional configuration files can handle, and at the same time, it can make configuration management dynamic. This is also the most important reason for the emergence of nginscript.

4. nginscript exists as an nginx plug-in. The plug-in name is: njs. Like other nginx plug-ins, we need to recompile nginx to complete the installation.

5. nginscript is currently in early development status. You can communicate with the nginx team and put forward your demands through email.

How to install nginscript

Just follow the official steps here:

// 1. Download The latest nginx package, the address can be seen: wget //2. Unzip tar -xzvf nginx-1.9.4.tar.gz //3. Get the nginscript module through mercurial. If mercurial is not installed here, you need to run yum install mercurial hg clone

//4. Compile nginx. Only the njs module is specified here. Remember to install other required modules together. If you have not compiled nginx, some dependent modules require yum installation, please search for them yourself. cd nginx-1.9.4 ./configure --add-module=../njs/nginx --prefix=/usr/local make make install ok. Now the installation is complete and we can start playing.

Specific how to use nginscript

The use of nginscript mainly adds 2 instructions to the nginx configuration system. The specific instructions are:

js_set, set the variable value in the configuration

js_run, directly execute the configuration rules

1. First look at js_set in nginx.conf How does it work?

http {
 js_set $msg"
   var str = 'hello,imweb';
   // javascript str;
 ";
 server {
  ...
  location /{
   return 200 $msg;
  }
 }
}

Result:

In the above example, it can be seen that we can set variable values ​​​​to nginx through js at will. These variables can be used in various places in nginx configuration. For example: proxy_pass, limit_req_zone, and sub_filter. Compared with the previous configuration, the flexibility here has been greatly improved.

2. The running rules and scenarios of js_run

js_run is run in the location instruction, and the corresponding javascript will be executed if it matches the path of the specified location
js_run Yes Directly generate the content returned by http through javascript
Here is a specific example:

location /imwebteam {
 js_run "
  var res;
  res = $r.response;
  res.status = 200;
  res.send('hello,imweb!');
  res.finish();
 ";
}

This result is the same as the first result. I won’t go into details here.

3. In addition to processing the two instructions, there is also an important variable $r

Through js_set and js_run, you can have complete control over the http request request. Control The way is to use the variable $r. What's in $r can be seen with the following simple example.

http {
 js_set $summary "
 var a, s, h;
 s = 'js summary\n\n';
 s += 'method: ' + $r.method + '\n';
 s += 'http version: ' + $r.httpversion + '\n';
 s += 'host: ' + $r.headers.host + '\n';
 s += 'remote address: ' + $r.remoteaddress + '\n';
 s += 'uri: ' + $r.uri + '\n';
 s += 'headers:\n';
 for (h in $r.headers) {
  s += ' header \"' + h + '\" is \"' + $r.headers[h] + '\"\n';
 }
 s += 'args:\n';
 for (a in $r.args) {
  s += ' arg \"' + a + '\" is \"' + $r.args[a] + '\"\n';
 }
 s;
 ";
 server {
 listen 8000;
 location /imwebteam{
  return 200 $summary;
 }
}

The result is as shown in the figure:

nginscript’s current problems

After the above introduction, I believe Everyone already has a basic understanding of nginscript. So let's take a look at what problems this newborn has.

First of all, the debugging method is weak. At present, it is still relatively primitive and is displayed through logs, and the detail of the error log is very unsatisfactory.
Secondly, the control is weak. At present, nginscript's processing power is limited to the processing of http requests and returning responses. It is not yet able to dynamically process some content other than nginx requests, such as dynamic user data or dynamic updates of forwarding configuration tables.
Finally, the overall implementation is weak. The overall structure is relatively simple. The running environments of js_run and js_set are inconsistent. The code segment where js_set executes ok will cause some exceptions on js_run.
In summary, nginscript is still a newborn with great wishes and prospects. It takes some time to polish and optimize. I also hope that everyone will provide more opinions and feedback, and even submit your own plug-ins. This allows it to grow better.

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