How to use SpringBoot thread pool and Java thread pool-javaTutorial-php.cn

Usage and implementation principles of SpringBoot thread pool and Java thread pool

Use the default thread pool

Method 1: Through @Async The annotation call

public class AsyncTest {
    @Async
    public void async(String name) throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("async" + name + " " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        Thread.sleep(1000);
    }
}

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needs to be added to the startup class with the @EnableAsync annotation, otherwise it will not take effect.

@SpringBootApplication
//@EnableAsync
public class Test1Application {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
      ConfigurableApplicationContext run = SpringApplication.run(Test1Application.class, args);
      AsyncTest bean = run.getBean(AsyncTest.class);
      for(int index = 0; index <= 10; ++index){
         bean.async(String.valueOf(index));
      }
   }
}

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Method 2: Directly inject ThreadPoolTaskExecutor

No need to add @EnableAsyncAnnotation

@SpringBootTest
class Test1ApplicationTests {

   @Resource
   ThreadPoolTaskExecutor threadPoolTaskExecutor;

   @Test
   void contextLoads() {
      Runnable runnable = () -> {
         System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
      };

      for(int index = 0; index <= 10; ++index){
         threadPoolTaskExecutor.submit(runnable);
      }
   }

}

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Thread pool default configuration information

Common configurations of SpringBoot thread pool:

spring:
  task:
    execution:
      pool:
        core-size: 8
        max-size: 16                          # 默认是 Integer.MAX_VALUE
        keep-alive: 60s                       # 当线程池中的线程数量大于 corePoolSize 时，如果某线程空闲时间超过keepAliveTime，线程将被终止
        allow-core-thread-timeout: true       # 是否允许核心线程超时,默认true
        queue-capacity: 100                   # 线程队列的大小,默认Integer.MAX_VALUE
      shutdown:
        await-termination: false              # 线程关闭等待
      thread-name-prefix: task-               # 线程名称的前缀

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The implementation principle of SpringBoot thread pool

TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration is defined in the class ThreadPoolTaskExecutor, the internal implementation of this class It is also based on java's native ThreadPoolExecutor class. initializeExecutor()The method is called in its parent class, but in the parent class RejectedExecutionHandler is defined as private RejectedExecutionHandler rejectedExecutionHandler = new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy(); , and pass AbortPolicy into initializeExecutor() through the initialize() method.

Note that in the TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration class, the bean names of the ThreadPoolTaskExecutor class are: applicationTaskExecutor and taskExecutor.

// TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration#applicationTaskExecutor()
@Lazy
@Bean(name = { APPLICATION_TASK_EXECUTOR_BEAN_NAME,
      AsyncAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.DEFAUL
          T_TASK_EXECUTOR_BEAN_NAME })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(Executor.class)
public ThreadPoolTaskExecutor applicationTaskExecutor(TaskExecutorBuilder builder) {
   return builder.build();
}

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// ThreadPoolTaskExecutor#initializeExecutor()
@Override
protected ExecutorService initializeExecutor(
      ThreadFactory threadFactory, RejectedExecutionHandler rejectedExecutionHandler) {

   BlockingQueue<Runnable> queue = createQueue(this.queueCapacity);

   ThreadPoolExecutor executor;
   if (this.taskDecorator != null) {
      executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
            this.corePoolSize, this.maxPoolSize, this.keepAliveSeconds, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
            queue, threadFactory, rejectedExecutionHandler) {
         @Override
         public void execute(Runnable command) {
            Runnable decorated = taskDecorator.decorate(command);
            if (decorated != command) {
               decoratedTaskMap.put(decorated, command);
            }
            super.execute(decorated);
         }
      };
   }
   else {
      executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
            this.corePoolSize, this.maxPoolSize, this.keepAliveSeconds, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
            queue, threadFactory, rejectedExecutionHandler);

   }

   if (this.allowCoreThreadTimeOut) {
      executor.allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true);
   }

   this.threadPoolExecutor = executor;
   return executor;
}

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// ExecutorConfigurationSupport#initialize()
public void initialize() {
   if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
      logger.info("Initializing ExecutorService" + (this.beanName != null ? " &#39;" + this.beanName + "&#39;" : ""));
   }
   if (!this.threadNamePrefixSet && this.beanName != null) {
      setThreadNamePrefix(this.beanName + "-");
   }
   this.executor = initializeExecutor(this.threadFactory, this.rejectedExecutionHandler);
}

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Override the default thread pool

Override the default taskExecutor object. The return type of the bean can be ThreadPoolTaskExecutor or Executor .

@Configuration
public class ThreadPoolConfiguration {

    @Bean("taskExecutor")
    public ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor() {
        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
        //设置线程池参数信息
        taskExecutor.setCorePoolSize(10);
        taskExecutor.setMaxPoolSize(50);
        taskExecutor.setQueueCapacity(200);
        taskExecutor.setKeepAliveSeconds(60);
        taskExecutor.setThreadNamePrefix("myExecutor--");
        taskExecutor.setWaitForTasksToCompleteOnShutdown(true);
        taskExecutor.setAwaitTerminationSeconds(60);
        //修改拒绝策略为使用当前线程执行
        taskExecutor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
        //初始化线程池
        taskExecutor.initialize();
        return taskExecutor;
    }
}

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Manage multiple thread pools

If there are multiple thread pools, for example, defining another thread pool taskExecutor2, direct execution will report an error. At this time, you need to specify the name of the bean.

@Bean("taskExecutor2")
public ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor2() {
    ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
    //设置线程池参数信息
    taskExecutor.setCorePoolSize(10);
    taskExecutor.setMaxPoolSize(50);
    taskExecutor.setQueueCapacity(200);
    taskExecutor.setKeepAliveSeconds(60);
    taskExecutor.setThreadNamePrefix("myExecutor2--");
    taskExecutor.setWaitForTasksToCompleteOnShutdown(true);
    taskExecutor.setAwaitTerminationSeconds(60);
    //修改拒绝策略为使用当前线程执行
    taskExecutor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
    //初始化线程池
    taskExecutor.initialize();
    return taskExecutor;
}

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When referencing the thread pool, you need to change the variable name to the name of the bean, so that it will be searched by name.

@Resource
ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor2;

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For multi-threading using the @Async annotation, just specify the bean name in the annotation.

@Async("taskExecutor2")
    public void async(String name) throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("async" + name + " " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        Thread.sleep(1000);
    }

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Four rejection strategies of thread pools

Four commonly used thread pools in JAVA

ThreadPoolExecutor The constructor of the class is as follows:

public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit,
                          BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) {
    this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
         Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), defaultHandler);
}

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newCachedThreadPool

Does not limit the maximum number of threads (maximumPoolSize=Integer.MAX_VALUE). If there are more idle threads than needed, they will be recycled, otherwise existing threads will be reused.

new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
                              60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                              new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());

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newFixedThreadPool

Fixed-length thread pool, tasks that exceed the number of threads will wait in the queue.

return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
                              0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                              new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());

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newScheduledThreadPool

Similar to newCachedThreadPool, there is no upper limit on the number of threads, but corePoolSize can be specified. Delayed execution and periodic execution can be achieved.

public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize) {
    super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS,
          new DelayedWorkQueue());
}

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Periodic execution:

ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
scheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(()->{
   System.out.println("rate");
}, 1, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

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Delayed execution:

scheduledThreadPool.schedule(()->{
   System.out.println("delay 3 seconds");
}, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

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newSingleThreadExecutor

Single-threaded thread pool can realize the sequential execution of threads.

public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
    return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
        (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
                                0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
}

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Four rejection policies in Java thread pool

CallerRunsPolicy: The thread pool allows the caller to execute.
AbortPolicy: If the thread pool rejects the task, an error will be reported directly.
DiscardPolicy: If the thread pool rejects the task, it will be discarded directly.
DiscardOldestPolicy: If the thread pool rejects the task, the oldest, unrun task in the thread pool will be directly discarded and the new task will be queued.

CallerRunsPolicy

The run method is executed directly in the main thread.

public static class CallerRunsPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
 
    public CallerRunsPolicy() { }
 
    public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
        if (!e.isShutdown()) {
            r.run();
        }
    }
}

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The effect is similar to:

Runnable thread = ()->{
   System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
   try {
      Thread.sleep(0);
   } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
   }
};

thread.run();

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AbortPolicy

Directly throws the RejectedExecutionException exception, and indicates the task information and thread pool information. ,

public static class AbortPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
 
    public AbortPolicy() { }
 
    public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
        throw new RejectedExecutionException("Task " + r.toString() +
                                             " rejected from " +
                                             e.toString());
    }
}

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DiscardPolicy

does nothing.

public static class DiscardPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
 
    public DiscardPolicy() { }
 
    public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
    }
}

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DiscardOldestPolicy

##e.getQueue().poll(): Remove the oldest task from the queue.
e.execute(r) : The current task is enqueued.

public static class DiscardOldestPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
 
    public DiscardOldestPolicy() { }
 
    public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
        if (!e.isShutdown()) {
            e.getQueue().poll();
            e.execute(r);
        }
    }
}

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The principle of Java thread reuse

javaThe thread pool saved in java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor. Worker object, which is maintained in private final HashSet workers = new HashSet();. workQueue is a queue that stores tasks to be executed. When a new task is added to the thread pool, the task will be added to the workQueue queue.

private final class Worker
    extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
    implements Runnable
{
    /**
     * This class will never be serialized, but we provide a
     * serialVersionUID to suppress a javac warning.
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 6138294804551838833L;

    /** Thread this worker is running in.  Null if factory fails. */
    final Thread thread;
    /** Initial task to run.  Possibly null. */
    Runnable firstTask;
    /** Per-thread task counter */
    volatile long completedTasks;

    /**
     * Creates with given first task and thread from ThreadFactory.
     * @param firstTask the first task (null if none)
     */
    Worker(Runnable firstTask) {
        setState(-1); // inhibit interrupts until runWorker
        this.firstTask = firstTask;
        this.thread = getThreadFactory().newThread(this);
    }

    /** Delegates main run loop to outer runWorker  */
    public void run() {
        runWorker(this);
    }

    // Lock methods
    //
    // The value 0 represents the unlocked state.
    // The value 1 represents the locked state.

    protected boolean isHeldExclusively() {
        return getState() != 0;
    }

    protected boolean tryAcquire(int unused) {
        if (compareAndSetState(0, 1)) {
            setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    protected boolean tryRelease(int unused) {
        setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
        setState(0);
        return true;
    }

    public void lock()        { acquire(1); }
    public boolean tryLock()  { return tryAcquire(1); }
    public void unlock()      { release(1); }
    public boolean isLocked() { return isHeldExclusively(); }

    void interruptIfStarted() {
        Thread t;
        if (getState() >= 0 && (t = thread) != null && !t.isInterrupted()) {
            try {
                t.interrupt();
            } catch (SecurityException ignore) {
            }
        }
    }
}

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The execution of the work object depends on

runWorker(), which is different from the thread we usually write. This thread is in a loop and continuously obtains new task execution from the queue. . Therefore, threads in the thread pool can be reused, instead of ending after execution like the threads we usually use.

final void runWorker(Worker w) {
    Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();
    Runnable task = w.firstTask;
    w.firstTask = null;
    w.unlock(); // allow interrupts
    boolean completedAbruptly = true;
    try {
        while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) {
            w.lock();
            // If pool is stopping, ensure thread is interrupted;
            // if not, ensure thread is not interrupted.  This
            // requires a recheck in second case to deal with
            // shutdownNow race while clearing interrupt
            if ((runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP) ||
                 (Thread.interrupted() &&
                  runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP))) &&
                !wt.isInterrupted())
                wt.interrupt();
            try {
                beforeExecute(wt, task);
                Throwable thrown = null;
                try {
                    task.run();
                } catch (RuntimeException x) {
                    thrown = x; throw x;
                } catch (Error x) {
                    thrown = x; throw x;
                } catch (Throwable x) {
                    thrown = x; throw new Error(x);
                } finally {
                    afterExecute(task, thrown);
                }
            } finally {
                task = null;
                w.completedTasks++;
                w.unlock();
            }
        }
        completedAbruptly = false;
    } finally {
        processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);
    }
}

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