Application method of shared memory between multiple processes in Golang function

As a highly concurrent programming language, Golang's built-in coroutine mechanism and multi-threaded operations enable lightweight multi-tasking. However, in a multi-process processing scenario, communication and shared memory between different processes have become key issues in program development. This article will introduce the application method of realizing shared memory between multiple processes in Golang.

1. How to implement multi-process in Golang

In Golang, multi-process concurrent processing can be implemented in a variety of ways, including fork, os.Process, os/exec, etc. This article will use the fork method as an example to introduce the method of sharing memory between multiple processes. Fork is a system call that copies the current process. The new process completely copies all the data structures and memory space of the original process. Therefore, the variables and data structures of the original process can be directly accessed in the new process to realize data sharing between multiple processes.

If you use fork to create multiple processes, you need to use the syscall.Fork function. This function will return twice, the first time it returns the pid of the new process, and the second time it returns 0. If it is a child process, the first return value is 0. You only need to implement specific task processing logic in the child process.

The sample code is as follows:

import (
    "syscall"
)

func main() {
    pid, _ := syscall.Fork()
    if pid < 0 {
        // fork失败
    } else if pid == 0 {
        // 子进程
    } else {
        // 父进程
    }
}

2. How to implement inter-process shared memory in Golang

To implement inter-process shared memory in Golang, you can use shared memory and message queues Two ways. In this article, we mainly introduce the method of using shared memory to realize data sharing between multiple processes.

Shared memory refers to multiple processes using the same physical memory. Used to achieve data sharing between multiple processes. In Golang, you can use the Mmap and Munmap functions in the syscall package to implement shared memory operations. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

1. Call the syscall.Mmap function to create a shared memory area. The function returns a byte array and an error.
2. Shared memory can be operated through this byte array in both the parent process and the child process.
3. After using the shared memory, you need to call the syscall.Munmap function to release the shared memory.

The sample code is as follows:

import (
    "syscall"
    "unsafe"
)

func main() {
    pid, _ := syscall.Fork()
    if pid < 0 {
        // fork失败
    } else if pid == 0 {
        // 子进程
        shm, _ := syscall.Mmap(0, 0, syscall.PROT_READ|syscall.PROT_WRITE, syscall.MAP_SHARED|syscall.MAP_ANON)
        buf := (*[1024]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&shm[0]))
        // 将共享内存作为缓冲区
    } else {
        // 父进程
        shm, _ := syscall.Mmap(0, 0, syscall.PROT_READ|syscall.PROT_WRITE, syscall.MAP_SHARED|syscall.MAP_ANON)
        buf := (*[1024]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&shm[0]))
        // 将共享内存作为缓冲区
    }
    syscall.Munmap(shm)
}

It should be noted that synchronization issues need to be considered when using shared memory. Since multiple processes will access the same memory space at the same time, classic synchronization mechanisms such as mutex locks and semaphores need to be used to ensure mutual exclusion and synchronization between processes.

3. Conclusion

This article introduces the application method of realizing shared memory between multiple processes in Golang. By using shared memory, data sharing between different processes can be achieved and the efficiency of multi-process concurrent processing can be improved. It should be noted that synchronization issues need to be considered when using shared memory. If multiple processes read and write shared memory at the same time, a classic synchronization mechanism needs to be used to ensure this.

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