github ignores file changes

You can ignore unnecessary files, directories, and file types in Git version control by creating a file named .gitignore in the root directory of your project.

This file contains some rules that tell Git which files or directories should be ignored and not uploaded to the warehouse. This will help reduce the size of the warehouse and improve the efficiency of Git.

During the development process, new files and directories are often added continuously. If these unnecessary files are not ignored, they will be submitted to the Git warehouse together with the code, resulting in an oversized warehouse and unexpected consequences. external issues.

Let’s take a look at how to ignore files, directories and file types in Git version control.

1. Create a .gitignore file

Create a new file in the project root directory and name it .gitignore. If this file already exists, directly Just edit.

2. Add rules

Add rules in .gitignore to tell Git which files or directories do not need to be version controlled. Common rules are:

1) Independent files: One file or folder path per line, ending with "/" means ignoring this directory, otherwise ignoring this file.

# 忽略 .DS_Store 文件
.DS_Store

# 忽略 node_modules 目录
node_modules/

# 忽略 dist 目录
dist/

2) Wildcard: Match file or folder names that meet certain rules.

# 忽略所有 .md 文件
*.md

# 忽略所有 .log 文件
*.log

# 忽略所有 .txt 文件，但不包括 README.txt
*.txt
!README.txt

# 忽略所有 .js 和 .map 文件
*.js
*.map

3) Comment: Starting with "#" indicates a comment, and Git will ignore this line of content.

# 我是注释，这行规则不会生效

4) Special characters: Special characters need to be escaped when adding them in rules.

# 忽略格式为 __pycache__ 的文件夹
__pycache__/

# 忽略.gitignore本身
.gitignore

# 忽略以`.`开头的所有文件
.*

3. Commit ignore rules

Add .gitignore files and updated .gitignore rules to the Git repository .

# 添加.gitignore文件到暂存区
git add .gitignore

# 提交忽略规则
git commit -m "add .gitignore file to ignore some files"

4. Check ignore rules

You can check whether a file is ignored through the git check-ignore command, and you can also check the reason for being ignored. .

# 检查 .DS_Store 文件是否被忽略
$ git check-ignore -v .DS_Store
.gitignore:1:*.DS_Store      .DS_Store

# 检查 node_modules 目录是否被忽略
$ git check-ignore -v node_modules
.gitignore:2:node_modules/  node_modules

You can see that the git check-ignore command returns the line number and matching rules. If the command returns no output, it means the file was not ignored.

Summary

Use the .gitignore file to tell Git which files or directories do not need to be version controlled, which can reduce the size of the warehouse, improve the efficiency of Git, and ensure Only necessary files and directories are included in the repository. When writing .gitignore rules, you can use syntax such as wildcards, comments, and special characters, and you can also view ignored files and rules through the git check-ignore command.

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