golang byte order conversion

Golang is a modern programming language that provides a rich set of built-in functions and data types to facilitate programmers to handle various tasks. Endian conversion is also a very important operation. This article will discuss in depth how to perform endian conversion in Golang.

What is byte order?

In computer storage, a byte is the smallest unit of storage, and each byte is composed of 8-bit binary. Endianness refers to the order in which bytes are arranged in memory when storing multibyte data such as integers and floating point numbers. There are two types of byte order: big endian and little endian.

Big-endian refers to the storage method in which the high-order byte is first and the low-order byte is last. It is commonly used in network transmission and the CPU of most computers. For example, the binary representation of the number 10 is 0000 1010. If stored in big-endian order, the order in the memory is: 0000 1010.

Little endian is a storage method in which the low-order byte is first and the high-order byte is last. It is commonly used in some processor architectures, such as Intel x86 and ARM architecture. For example, the order of the number 10 in little-endian storage is: 1010 0000.

Endian conversion in Golang

In Golang, endian conversion mainly uses the "encoding/binary" package in the standard library. This package provides several functions to convert byte order, including binary decoding and encoding, big and small endian conversion, etc.

1. Binary decoding

The "Read" series of functions in the "encoding/binary" package are used to decode the byte stream into the corresponding data type. Among them, the "binary.Read" function has three parameters: input byte stream, pointer to the target object and the endian type used. For example:

func main() {
    bytes := []byte{0x10, 0x27, 0x00, 0x00}
    var i int32
    err := binary.Read(bytes.NewReader(bytes), binary.LittleEndian, &i)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal("binary.Read failed:", err)
    }
    fmt.Println(i) // Output: 10000
}

The above code decodes the byte stream [0x10, 0x27, 0x00, 0x00] in little-endian order into a variable i of type int32.

2. Binary encoding

The "Write" series of functions in the "encoding/binary" package are used to encode the data type into a binary stream in the specified byte order. Among them, the "binary.Write" function has three parameters: the output byte stream, the endian type used, and the value to be encoded. For example:

func main() {
    var i int32 = 10000
    buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
    err := binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, i)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal("binary.Write failed:", err)
    }
    fmt.Println(buf.Bytes()) // Output: [0x10 0x27 0x00 0x00]
}

The above code encodes the int32 type variable i with a value of 10000 into a byte stream [0x10, 0x27, 0x00, 0x00] with the byte order being little endian.

3. Big and small endian conversion

In addition to the above binary decoding and encoding, the "encoding/binary" package also provides two functions for converting byte order : BigEndian and LittleEndian.

"BigEndian" encodes and decodes data types in network byte order (big endian), while "LittleEndian" encodes and decodes data types in little endian order. For example:

func main() {
    var i int32 = 10000
    buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
    binary.Write(buf, binary.BigEndian, i)
    fmt.Println(buf.Bytes()) // Output: [0x27 0x10 0x00 0x00]

    buf.Reset()
    binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, i)
    fmt.Println(buf.Bytes()) // Output: [0x10 0x27 0x00 0x00]
}

The above code encodes the int32 type variable i in big endian and little endian order. The output byte streams are [0x27, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00] and [0x10, 0x27, 0x00 respectively. , 0x00].

Summary

The "encoding/binary" package in Golang provides a wealth of functions for byte order conversion, including binary decoding and encoding, big-endian conversion, etc. By using these functions, developers can easily perform endian conversion and easily handle the storage and transmission of multi-byte data.

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