What is the concept of linux mono

Mono is a platform for developing and running cross-platform applications based on ECMA/ISO standards. It is a free and open source implementation of the Microsoft .NET framework; Mono's goal is to create a series of matching .NET tools for ECMA standards (Ecma-334 and Ecma-335), including C# compiler and common language framework. Mono can run not only on Windows and Linux systems, but also on FreeBSD, Unix, OS X and Solaris.

What does mono mean

Mono is a platform based on ECMA/ISO standards for developing and running cross-platform applications. It is a free and open source implementation of Microsoft's .NET Framework.

Mono is a free and open source project hosted by Xamarin (previously Novell, first Ximian). The goal of this project is to create a set of .NET tools that match the ECMA standards (Ecma-334 and Ecma-335), including a C# compiler and a common language framework. Unlike Microsoft's .NET Framework (common language running platform), the Mono project can not only run on Windows systems, but also on Linux, FreeBSD, Unix, OS X and Solaris, and even some game platforms, such as: Playstation 3, Wii Or XBox 360.

Installing Mono on Ubuntu

Mono is not available in the standard Ubuntu software source repositories. We will install Mono from the official Mono source repository. This is a simple and straightforward process that only takes a few minutes.

01. Start installing the necessary software packages:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install dirmngr gnupg apt-transport-https ca-certificates software-properties-common

02. Enter the following command to import the GPG key of the source warehouse:

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys 3FA7E0328081BFF6A14DA29AA6A19B38D3D831EF

The output should look like the following:

gpg: key A6A19B38D3D831EF: public key "Xamarin Public Jenkins (auto-signing) <releng@xamarin.com>" imported
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg:               imported: 1

03. Add the Mono source repository to your system source list:

sudo apt-add-repository 'deb https://download.mono-project.com/repo/ubuntu stable-bionic main'

04. Install Mono:

sudo apt install mono-complete

mono-complete is a meta Software package, it will install all the software packages you need for Mono development, including running environment, development tools and all class libraries.

05. The installation will take some time. Once completed, enter the following command to print the Mono version and verify the Mono installation results:

mono --version

As of this writing, the latest stable version of Mono is 6.8.0.123.

Mono JIT compiler version 6.8.0.123 (tarball Tue May 12 15:11:57 UTC 2020)
Copyright (C) 2002-2014 Novell, Inc, Xamarin Inc and Contributors. www.mono-project.com
    TLS:           __thread
    SIGSEGV:       altstack
    Notifications: epoll
    Architecture:  amd64
    Disabled:      none
    Misc:          softdebug 
    Interpreter:   yes
    LLVM:          yes(610)
    Suspend:       hybrid
    GC:            sgen (concurrent by default)

That’s it, you have successfully installed Mono on your Ubuntu machine and you can start using it.

Getting Started with Mono

To verify that everything is set up properly, we will build a Hello World program that will print the "hello world" message.

Open your text editor and create a file named hello.cs with the following content:

using System;

public class HelloWorld
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Console.WriteLine ("Hello World!");
    }
}

Use the csc compiler Build program:

csc hello.cs

The above command will build an executable program named: hello.exe.

Run this executable program:

mono hello.exe

The output will look like this:

Hello, World

To run the program by entering its name, you need to make the file Executable:

chmod +x hello.exe

Now you can run hello.exe, enter:

./hello.exe

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