How to extend php in golang

With the development and application of Internet technology, the interoperability between programming languages ​​is becoming more and more important. Currently, many websites use PHP as a backend language to implement business logic, but PHP's performance is relatively low, which leads to the need to seek alternatives in some high-performance scenarios.

Go language is a high-performance programming language with excellent concurrency performance and low resource consumption, so it is gradually being used in many high-performance scenarios. This article will introduce how to use Go language to extend PHP and improve the performance of PHP applications.

1. What is PHP extension

Before introducing how to use Go language to extend PHP, we need to first understand what PHP extension is.

PHP extension refers to a dynamic link library that can be loaded by the PHP interpreter and call its functions to enhance the PHP language or access the underlying interface of the operating system. PHP extensions can be written in C language or C language, compiled into a dynamic link library, and then called in PHP.

Now, we can provide higher performance by writing PHP extensions in Go language.

2. Advantages of Go language to extend PHP

Why should we use Go language to extend PHP? The following are some advantages of Go language extending PHP:

1. High performance: Go language is a high-performance programming language. Its concurrency performance and resource consumption are very excellent. In some high-performance scenarios More suitable than PHP. By extending PHP with the Go language, you can improve the performance of your PHP applications.
2. Concurrency: Go language supports native concurrent programming and provides rich concurrency tools and models, so it can better handle concurrency issues in PHP applications.
3. Extensibility: Go language has good scalability and can be easily expanded and customized. By extending PHP with the Go language, PHP applications can be better customized and extended to meet different needs.

3. How to use Go language to extend PHP

Now that we have understood the benefits of using Go language to extend PHP, let us take a look at how to do it.

1. Preparation work

Before using Go language to extend PHP, you need to install the Go environment and PHP environment first. You can download the latest versions of Go and PHP from the official website.

2. Writing Go language extension module

In Go language, you need to use CGO to interact with PHP. CGO is a standard library of Go language that allows us to easily call C language functions in Go language.

The following is a simple example that demonstrates how to call a PHP function in the Go language:

// hello.go
package main

// #cgo LDFLAGS: -lphp7
// #include <php.h>
// #include <main/php_main.h>
// #include <main/php_variables.h>
import "C"
import "unsafe"

//export Hello
func Hello(str *C.char) *C.char {
    // 调用PHP函数
    p := C.CString("echo ")
    defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(p))

    s := C.GoString(str)
    q := C.CString(s)
    defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(q))

    C.php_printf(p)
    C.php_printf(q)
    C.php_printf(C.CString("
"))

    return C.CString("done")
}

func main() {
    // 告诉CGO这个文件是一个C语言的源文件
    // 这个函数不能有实际意义
    C.vinc()

    // Go语言程序必须有main函数
    // main函数中的代码并不会真正执行
}

In this code, we use the of CGO import "C" to introduce the C language header file, and then use the #cgo directive to tell the compiler which library files need to be linked. In the Hello function, we call PHP's echo function and print it out. In the main function, we need to write a function C.vinc() that will not be called. This is because CGO requires that each C language source file must contain at least one The function will not be called. When compiling, we need to use go build --buildmode=c-shared to compile the Go language code into a dynamic link library.

3. Loading Go language extensions into PHP

Before loading Go language extensions, you need to ensure that PHP has installed a module that supports dynamic loading of extensions. You can view and enable related modules by opening the php.ini file.

Open the php.ini file, find the following two lines, make sure they have been commented out:

;extension_dir = "ext"
;extension=php_gd2.dll

Add the following lines in front of these two lines to enable PHP loading Functions of the dynamic link library:

extension_dir = "ext"
extension=php7go.dll   //注意这里的文件名

The php7go.dll here is the name of the dynamic link library file we compiled and generated earlier.

4. Test

Now that we have loaded the Go language extension, we can use the functions we wrote in PHP.

The following is a simple PHP program that demonstrates how to call the Hello function in the Go language extension:

<?php
$str = "World";
$res = Hello($str);
echo $res;
?>

Running this PHP program will output the following content:

echo World
done

This shows that we have successfully called the Hello function in the Go language extension in PHP.

4. Summary

Through the introduction of this article, you have learned how to use Go language to extend PHP, and the advantages of Go language to extend PHP. By extending PHP with the Go language, we can improve the performance of PHP applications and meet the needs of some high-performance scenarios.

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