golang cross compilation process

With the development of cloud computing, more and more applications need to run across platforms. Golang, as a strongly typed language, also performs well in this field. Cross-compilation is the process of compiling source code in one platform environment and running it on another platform. This article will introduce the cross-compilation process of Golang.

Cross-compilation process

First, you need to download the cross-compilation tool chain. On the official website of Golang, we can find the download link corresponding to the platform, as shown in the figure below:

After selecting the corresponding operating system, CPU architecture and version, add it Unzip to any directory.

Next, you need to set environment variables in the terminal so that Golang can find the correct tool chain when compiling. Taking the macOS system as an example, enter the following command:

export GOROOT=/usr/local/go
export GOOS=linux
export GOARCH=amd64
export CGO_ENABLED=0
export GOBIN=$GOROOT/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$GOBIN

Among them, GOROOT represents the installation path of Golang, GOOS represents the target operating system, and GOARCH represents the target CPU architecture, CGO_ENABLED represents whether to enable Cgo, GOBIN represents the compiled executable file path, PATH is used for setting in Unix/Linux systems System variables for environment variables.

Next, write or download the Golang program code to be cross-compiled and save it as a .go file. For example, the following code uses Golang to implement a simple Hello World program:

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    fmt.Println("Hello, World!")
}

Then, use the following command to compile the code into an executable file:

$ go build -v -o hello

Where, -v# The ## parameter indicates the output details, and the -o parameter specifies the name of the executable file generated by compilation. In the above command, hello specifies the name of the generated executable file, which can also be replaced by other names.

$ GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm GOARM=5 go build -v -o hello-arm5

GOOS specifies the target operating system as Linux, GOARCH specifies the target CPU architecture as ARM, GOARM Specify the ARM version, here it is specified as 5. This line of command will generate a binary file named hello-arm5 in the current directory.

Choose the correct tool chain. Be careful to select the tool chain version corresponding to the target platform, otherwise the compilation will fail.
• Operating system specific code cannot be used in the code. For example, when you want to use the functions of the
• syscall library, you need to use specific system calls such as windows, linux, darwin, etc. for the target operating system. interface.
Manage dependencies. In Go, commonly used package management tools include go mod, godep, dep, etc. When using them, you need to choose the appropriate tool according to the cross-compilation situation and lock the versions of dependencies to ensure correct compilation and operation on the target platform.
• Specify environment variables at compile time. GOOS and GOARCH define the architecture of Golang. For cross-compilation, different target environment variables need to be set, and CGO cannot be used during compilation.

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