How to build vue components

Vue is a very popular JavaScript framework that provides a powerful platform for building web applications. Components are one of the most important and powerful features of Vue. It allows us to split complex applications into front-end reusable parts, making development more efficient and simpler.

So how to build a Vue component? This article will show you the basic knowledge, establishment methods and best practices of Vue components.

Basic knowledge of Vue components

First we need to understand some basic knowledge of Vue component development.

Component definition

There are two ways to define components in Vue:

One is global registration (Global registration), which defines the component in the global Vue instance:

Vue.component('component-name', {
  // 组件的选项
})

We can use this component in any Vue instance, including other components.

The second is local registration, which defines the component in the options of the current component:

new Vue({
  el: '#app',
  components: {
    'component-name': {
      // 组件的选项
    }
  }
})

This component can only be used in the current instance.

Component Template

The way to define component templates is more flexible. You can use HTML template strings or directly use the Render function.

Vue.component('component-name', {
  template: '<div>组件模板</div>'
})

Vue.component('component-name', {
  render: function(h) {
    return h('div', '组件模板')
  }
})

It is recommended to use HTML template strings as it is more intuitive and easier to read.

Component properties

Components can have input and output properties. Input properties (props) are the data flowing from the parent component to the child component, and the output properties are the child components communicating data to the parent component.

Vue.component('component-name', {
  props: ['prop-name'],
  template: '<div>{{ prop-name }}</div>'
})

When using a component in a parent component, input attributes can be passed through HTML attributes (note that the attribute name uses "kebab-case").

<component-name prop-name="属性值"></component-name>

In the child component, access this property through this.propName.

Component life cycle

The Vue component life cycle refers to the entire process from creation to destruction of the component instance, including the stages of creation, mounting, updating and destruction.

The life cycle of components can be registered with the following hooks:

Vue.component('component-name', {
  created: function() {
    // 组件创建时调用，可以在这里初始化数据
  },
  mounted: function() {
    // 将组件挂载到DOM后调用，可以在这里访问DOM节点
  },
  updated: function() {
    // 组件更新时调用，可以在这里修改数据
  },
  destroyed: function() {
    // 组件销毁时调用，可以在这里清理一些无用的数据和资源
  }
})

How to build Vue components

After understanding the basic knowledge, we will explain how to build Vue components.

1. Determine the component name

First, we need to determine the name of the component to be developed. This name is not only the name of the component in the Vue instance, but also the name when we package it and publish it into the public component library.

Component names in Vue can use "kebab-case" format or "camelCase" format. It is recommended to use the "kebab-case" format as it is easier to read.

2. Create component files

Create component files and define components.

<template>
  <div>
    组件模板
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: 'component-name',
  props: {
    propName: {
      type: String,
      default: ''
    }
  },
  data() {
    return {
      // 组件的数据
    }
  },
  methods: {
    // 组件的方法
  },
  mounted() {
    // 组件挂载到DOM后执行的方法
  }
}
</script>

<style scoped>
/* 组件的样式 */
</style>

Use Vue single file component form to define component templates, scripts and styles in the same file for easy management.

3. Export the component

After the component is defined, export it for use elsewhere.

import MyComponent from './MyComponent.vue'
export default MyComponent

Best Practices

Finally, let’s share some best practices for Vue component development.

1. Component naming convention: Naming should be as descriptive as possible, describing the purpose and characteristics of the component, while avoiding conflicts or duplicate names.
2. Provide documentation for components: Components should have clear and concise documentation, including how to use the component and API documentation, so that others can use and understand it.
3. Single function principle: Each component should have only one clear and clear function, and this function should be as independent and reusable as possible.
4. Component style encapsulation: The style of a component should be encapsulated inside the component as much as possible, using scoped styles to reduce repeated definitions.
5. Use self-closing tags: Try to use self-closing tags to reduce errors.
6. Use the default v-bind directive: Use the default directive to avoid destroying the component's input attributes, such as $props and $attrs.
7. Loading on demand: Some components may not be used many times. We can dynamically load them when needed to improve the loading speed of the first screen.

Conclusion

This article introduces the basic knowledge, construction methods and best practices of Vue components. Vue components are a very powerful feature of the Vue framework, which can realize code reuse and component development. Through the study and practice of this article, I believe you can better utilize Vue components to build reusable, scalable and easy-to-maintain web applications.

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