How to solve the problem that php outputs csv format with garbled characters

CSV (Comma Separated Values) is a common data storage format that is often used to transfer data between different applications. In PHP, it is easy to export data to CSV file format, just use the appropriate function to output CSV file.

However, sometimes when using PHP to output CSV format, you will encounter the problem that the CSV file contains garbled characters. For example, the exported CSV file does not display Chinese characters or other special characters correctly. This may be because PHP is using an incorrect encoding when outputting the CSV file.

Below, we will introduce some common causes and solutions to help you output the correct CSV file format in PHP.

Cause one: PHP uses the wrong encoding when outputting the CSV file

When you export data to a CSV file, PHP will try to automatically convert the character set according to the local encoding. For example, if you are using a Chinese operating system, PHP will use GBK encoding by default. However, if your data contains non-natively encoded characters, such as UTF-8 encoded characters, this can result in garbled characters in your CSV file.

Solution:

To avoid this problem, you can specify the correct encoding when outputting the CSV file. For example, if your data is UTF-8 encoded, before writing the data to the CSV file, set the encoding to UTF-8 encoding:

header('Content-Type: text/csv; charset=utf-8');

Additionally, before writing the data using the fwrite() function When importing a CSV file, its encoding should also be set to UTF-8 encoding:

fwrite($file, "\xEF\xBB\xBF"); // 添加 BOM 头，解决文件乱码问题
foreach ($data as $row) {
    fputcsv($file, $row);
}

As you can see, in order to ensure that the output CSV file has the correct encoding, we added a BOM before the fwrite() function header that indicates to the application the encoding of the text content.

Cause two: The CSV file contains non-ASCII characters

The CSV file format is a plain text format that uses simple characters as delimiters (usually commas) to divide data into columns Peace. Because a CSV file is written in text format, it can only contain ASCII characters (that is, basic Latin letters, numbers, and punctuation). If your data contains non-ASCII characters, such as Chinese characters or special symbols, this may result in garbled characters in your CSV file.

Solution:

To avoid this problem, you can use PHP's built-in mb_convert_encoding() function to convert the data to ASCII encoding format:

$encoded_data = array_map(function($row) {
    return array_map('utf8_decode', $row); // 将 UTF-8 编码转换为 ASCII 编码
}, $data);

foreach ($encoded_data as $row) {
    fputcsv($file, $row);
}

In this example, we The array_map() function is used to convert UTF-8 encoded characters in the data row to ASCII encoded characters.

Cause three: The CSV file contains incorrect delimiters or newlines

In CSV files, commas are usually used as delimiters between columns, while newlines are used between rows separator. However, if your data contains commas or newlines, this may result in a malformed CSV file. For example, if your data contains text that contains commas or newlines, the commas or newlines may be treated as separators or line terminators when you write it to a CSV file.

Solution:

To avoid problems with delimiters or newlines in CSV files, you can use an appropriate CSV file writing function (such as fputcsv()) or manually escape the data commas and newlines in . For example, you can replace commas in your data with semicolons:

foreach ($data as $row) {
    $row = str_replace(',', ';', $row);
    fputcsv($file, $row);
}

Similarly, you can also use the str_replace() function to replace newlines with other characters, such as spaces:

foreach ($data as $row) {
    $row = str_replace("\n", ' ', $row);
    fputcsv($file, $row);
}

In summary, problems with garbled output CSV file formats can have multiple causes, but they can usually be solved by specifying the correct encoding, converting the data format, and avoiding incorrect delimiters and line breaks. Making sure you use the right techniques and tools can help you successfully output the correct CSV file format in PHP.

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