How to solve the problem of garbled characters in local txt read by javascript

With the continuous development of Internet technology, JavaScript language has become one of the indispensable technologies in web development and mobile application development. JavaScript can achieve various dynamic effects on web pages and improve user experience. Reading local txt files is one of the requirements often encountered in development. However, sometimes you encounter the problem of garbled characters when reading local txt files. This article will detail the solution to this problem.

1. Analysis of the causes of garbled codes

There are many reasons for garbled codes, but most of them are caused by a mismatch in encoding formats.

In text files, characters are actually stored in binary form. When we open a text file, the computer needs to convert these binary data into characters that we can understand. This requires a coding method to complete this process. For example, on Windows systems, the commonly used encoding methods are GBK (Simplified Chinese) and GB2312 (Traditional Chinese), while in international environments, Unicode and UTF-8 are more commonly used.

If the encoding format when reading a local txt file is inconsistent with the encoding format of the file itself, garbled characters may occur.

2. Solution

1. Confirm the encoding format

When reading a local txt file, you need to confirm the encoding format of the file first. You can use the Notepad that comes with Windows to open the txt file, go to File>Save, and check the encoding method in the save dialog box.

If the file is in Unicode or UTF-8 encoding format, the text content can be displayed normally by directly reading the file with Ajax in JavaScript.

For example:

$.ajax({
  url: "test.txt",
  success: function(data){
     console.log(data); // 此处将会输出文件中的文本内容
  }
});

If the file is in GBK or GB2312 encoding format, the read data needs to be encoded. JavaScript provides two sets of methods to complete this conversion: encodeURI()/decodeURI() and encodeURIComponent()/decodeURIComponent().

The encoding form of encodeURI() is to encode spaces into , but other characters will not be encoded. And encodeURIComponent() will encode all special characters, including spaces. Therefore, we generally use the encodeURIComponent() method.

For example:

$.ajax({
  url: "test.txt",
  success: function(data){
     var decodedData = decodeURIComponent(escape(data));
     console.log(decodedData); // 此处将会输出文件中的文本内容
  }
});

2. Set the file encoding format

If you create the garbled txt file yourself, you can set the encoding format to UTF- when saving. 8. This way there will be no garbled characters when reading.

For example, in a Windows system, when editing a text file with Notepad, you can use File>Save As, select the encoding format as UTF-8, and save the file.

3. Use third-party libraries

In addition to the above two methods, you can also use third-party libraries to solve this problem. For example, use the Iconv-lite library to perform encoding conversion when reading files.

For example:

var fs = require('fs');
var iconv = require('iconv-lite');

var buf = fs.readFileSync('test.txt');
var str = iconv.decode(buf, 'GBK');
console.log(str);

This method is suitable for Node.js environment.

Summary

The problem of reading garbled local txt files is actually not complicated. The solution is mainly to confirm the file encoding format, set the file encoding format, or use a third-party library. We need to learn more and practice more to improve our problem-solving abilities.

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