How to request https in golang

With the popularity of the Internet and the continuous expansion of its application scope, our data increasingly needs security protection. Therefore, when making http requests, many websites use the https protocol to transmit data. So, how to implement requests to https websites in golang? This article will introduce you to the implementation of golang requesting https.

1. What is https

HTTPS (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer), which adds support for the SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) protocol on the basis of HTTP, so it is also called HTTP over SSL. SSL uses certificates to prove the identity of the other party and provide security for communications between both parties.

2. Implementation of https requests in golang

In golang, you can use the methods provided in the net/http library to implement requests for https websites. We can implement a simple https request through the following example:

package main

import (
    "io/ioutil"
    "net/http"
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    tr := &http.Transport{
        TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true},
    }

    client := &http.Client{Transport: tr}

    resp, err := client.Get("https://www.example.com")

    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
        return
    }

    defer resp.Body.Close()

    body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)

    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
        return
    }

    fmt.Println(string(body))
}

In the above code, we use the Client method in the net/http package to create an http client. It should be noted that when making https requests, we need to do some processing on the TLS client configuration.

3. Security Issues in https Requests

Although https requests can be made through the above methods, we need to note that when requesting https, due to the transmission of private information involved, We need to ensure the security and reliability of requests.

In the above code example, we bypass the verification of the server identity by setting the InsecureSkipVerify attribute in the TLS client configuration to true to skip the certificate verification process. Although this method can avoid the problem of being unable to request https websites due to certificate verification failure, it is very dangerous from a security perspective. Therefore, we recommend using the methods provided in golang's built-in cert library to manage certificates and verify the security of https requests through certificates. The following is a sample code that uses a certificate to verify the server's identity:

package main

import (
    "crypto/tls"
    "crypto/x509"
    "io/ioutil"
    "net/http"
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    certPath := "cert.pem"
    keyPath := "key.pem"
    cert, err := tls.LoadX509KeyPair(certPath, keyPath)

    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
        return
    }

    certPool := x509.NewCertPool()

    caCertPath := "ca.crt"
    caCrt, err := ioutil.ReadFile(caCertPath)

    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
        return
    }

    certPool.AppendCertsFromPEM(caCrt)

    tr := &http.Transport{
        TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{
            Certificates: []tls.Certificate{cert},
            RootCAs:      certPool,
        },
    }

    client := &http.Client{Transport: tr}

    resp, err := client.Get("https://www.example.com")

    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
        return
    }

    defer resp.Body.Close()

    body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)

    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
        return
    }

    fmt.Println(string(body))
}

In the above code, we load the certificate through the tls.LoadX509KeyPair method, create a certificate pool through the x509.NewCertPool method, and add the CA certificate to the certificate in the pool. We then use the Certificates property in tls.Config to specify the certificates used by the client and the RootCAs property to specify the certificate pool used by the client.

4. Summary

This article introduces the method of implementing https requests in golang and the security issues that need to be paid attention to. Although we can simplify https requests by skipping certificate verification, for security reasons, we recommend using certificates to verify the server's identity to ensure the security of the request. I hope it can help everyone with https request problems encountered in golang development.

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