How to install Oracle 12 on linux (guide)

Linux is a very popular operating system because it is free and open source. It is widely used in the IT field, especially in servers and data centers. Oracle is a commonly used relational database management system, and it has a special version on Linux systems - Oracle 12. This article will provide you with a detailed guide on how to install Oracle 12 on your Linux system.

1. View system requirements

Before installing Oracle 12, you need to ensure that your system meets the following requirements:

• Linux system: CentOS , Red Hat or Oracle Linux
• Memory: at least 8GB
• Storage space: at least 20GB available space
• Processor: 64-bit
• Network: connection required Go to the Internet

2. to download Oracle 12

You need to first download from the Oracle official website (https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/oracle12c- linux-downloads.html) to download the installation files of Oracle 12. On the download page, you need to select the version based on your operating system and CPU architecture.

3. Install necessary software packages

Before installing Oracle 12, you need to install some necessary software packages. These packages can be installed on Linux systems using the following command:

yum install -y binutils.x86_64 compat-libcap1.x86_64 gcc.x86_64 gcc-c++.x86_64 glibc.i686 glibc.x86_64 \
glibc-devel.i686 glibc-devel.x86_64 ksh compat-libstdc++-33 libaio.i686 libaio.x86_64 \
libaio-devel.i686 libaio-devel.x86_64 libgcc.i686 libgcc.x86_64 libstdc++.i686 libstdc++.x86_64 \
libstdc++-devel.i686 libstdc++-devel.x86_64 libXi.i686 libXi.x86_64 libXtst.i686 libXtst.x86_64 \
make.x86_64 sysstat.x86_64

4. Configuring Linux kernel parameters

Oracle 12 requires modification of some Linux kernel parameters. You can modify it by editing the /etc/sysctl.conf file and adding the following line there:

fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

Then you need to reload the sysctl.conf file for the changes to take effect:

sysctl -p

5. Configuring users and groups

Before installing Oracle 12, you need to create a user and group for installing and managing Oracle 12. You can create a user named "oracle" and a group named "dba" using the following command:

groupadd dba
useradd -g dba oracle

Next, set the password and add the user to the sudoers file:

passwd oracle
echo "oracle ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" >> /etc/sudoers

6. Configuring SELinux

SELinux is a security enhancement module in Linux systems. Oracle 12 requires SELinux to be completely turned off. You can use the following command to check the status of SELinux:

sestatus

If SELinux is in the enforcing state, you need to set it to the permissive or disabled state. You can edit the /etc/selinux/config file and change the value of SELINUX to permissive or disabled:

vi /etc/selinux/config

Change the value of SELINUX to permissive or disabled. Please note that setting SELINUX to disabled may have an impact on the security of the system.

7. Extract the Oracle 12 installation files

Extract the Oracle 12 installation files to a directory of your choice. You can extract the zip file to the /opt directory using the following command:

cd /opt
unzip oracle-database-12c-release2.zip

8. Installing Oracle 12

Before installing Oracle 12, you need to set it up by running the following command X Window System:

yum install -y xorg-x11-server-Xorg xauth xorg-x11-apps xorg-x11-utils

Make sure the oracle user enables bash shell:

chsh -s /bin/bash oracle

Switch to the oracle user and run the installation file:

su - oracle
./runInstaller

In the installation wizard, select "Install Database Software" and then select "Single Instance Database Installation". Then, follow the wizard all the way through the installation process.

9. Configuring Oracle 12

After successful installation of Oracle 12, you need to run some necessary configuration commands. You can run the following command under the oracle user:

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export ORACLE_SID=orcl

In the ORACLE_SID variable, you need to provide the name of the database instance you want to use. You can then run the following command to start the database:

sqlplus / as sysdba
startup

10. Testing Oracle 12

You can create a new database and user on Oracle 12 to test the installation and configuration . You can connect to the database using the following command:

sqlplus sys/<password>@localhost:1521/orcl as sysdba

Then, you can use the following command to create a new database and user:

create user myuser identified by mypassword;
create database mydb;
grant all privileges to myuser;

Now, you have successfully installed Oracle 12 and can start Use it now.

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