A brief analysis of the causes and solutions of golang http garbled characters

When using Golang for http transmission, users may encounter the problem of garbled Chinese characters, which is a very troublesome problem. The following article will introduce the garbled code problems encountered in http transmission in Golang and how to solve these problems.

Prerequisite knowledge:

Before introducing how to solve the garbled problem in Golang http transmission, you first need to understand some basic knowledge related to this, which will be needed in later problem solving. used to.

1. What is a character set?

Character set is a code that sets letters, numbers, punctuation marks and other characters in a specified order. It is a one-to-one correspondence of characters in the computer. Well-known character sets include ASCII code, Unicode code, GB2312 code, UTF-8 code, etc.

2. What is encoding?

Encoding is the process of encoding specific words or symbols into computer-recognizable binary codes. Common encoding rules include GBK, UTF-8, UTF-16, etc.

3. What is garbled code?

Inconsistent encoding will lead to garbled characters. Garbled characters refer to characters that are displayed abnormally or as some special symbols.

Golang writing HTTP garbled code problem

During development, sometimes we need to transmit data through http. At this time, if the transmitted data contains Chinese, garbled code problems may occur. The specific performance is as follows: after the Chinese characters are read out through http on the server side, they cannot be displayed normally (displayed as some strange symbols).

The reason for this problem is that the http protocol can only transmit ASCII code, and Chinese characters do not belong to the characters in the ASCII code. Therefore, when we transmit Chinese characters in http, Golang will use the default encoding method to convert them into a binary array, which may be inconsistent with the encoding method used by the server to parse the data, resulting in parsing errors.

Solution:

1. The server and client use the same encoding method

The encoding method used when the server parses data and the client When the encoding method used when incoming data is consistent, Chinese characters will not be garbled in this case. Therefore, if you want to solve the problem of garbled Chinese characters transmitted by Golang http, the easiest way is to use the same encoding method on both the server and the client.

The following is a simple example:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "net/http"
    "net/url"
)

func main() {
    url := "http://example.com"
    resp, err := http.PostForm(url, url.Values{"key": {"中文字符串"}})
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("http请求失败:", err)
        return
    }
    defer resp.Body.Close()
    body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    fmt.Println(string(body))
}

In the above example, the data used when filling the PostForm request is url.Values{"key": {"Chinese string"}} , the server uses UTF-8 encoding to process data, so Chinese characters will not be garbled.

2. Convert Chinese characters to odd-length heex code

If you cannot ensure that the server and client encoding methods are consistent, you can also convert Chinese characters to odd-length heex codes. hex code method. This method can ensure that the encoding of Chinese characters after transmission can be parsed into correct characters.

The following is a simple example:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "net/http"
)

func main() {
    url := "http://example.com"
    resp, err := http.PostForm(url, url.Values{"key": {ToHex("中文字符串")}})
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("http请求失败:", err)
        return
    }
    defer resp.Body.Close()
    body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    fmt.Println(string(body))
}

func ToHex(str string) string {
    data := []byte(str)
    result := make([]byte, len(data)*2+1)
    for i := 0; i < len(data); i++ {
        b := data[i]
        result[i*2] = "0123456789ABCDEF"[b>>4]
        result[i*2+1] = "0123456789ABCDEF"[b&15]
    }
    return string(result)
}

In the above example, the actual value of the parameter "key": {ToHex("Chinese String")} is "key": {"E4B8ADE69687E698AFE5AD97E7ACA6E4B8B2E78987"}, the ToHex function in Golang is used to convert the Chinese string into an odd-length hex code, thus ensuring that the data will not be garbled when parsed on the server.

Summary

In the HTTP transmission process of Golang, the processing of Chinese characters is relatively special, and developers need to pay special attention to the encoding method to avoid unnecessary trouble. If you need to transmit Chinese characters, you can solve the problem of garbled characters through the above two methods.

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