How to elegantly set up models in golang

As a programming language with high development efficiency and wide application, Go language is increasingly used in enterprises. Therefore, in Go language, how to set up the model elegantly is very important.

Generally speaking, using a structure as a model is the most common method. In the Go language, a structure is a custom data type that consists of a set of zero or more values ​​of different types. These values ​​are called fields of the structure. In a structure, there can be different types of fields, as shown in the following example:

type Person struct {
  name string
  age int
  gender string
}

In this example, we define a structure named "Person", which has three fields: name ( String type), age (integer type) and gender (string type). By using this structure, we can easily represent information about a person.

In practical applications, we often need to interact with the model and the database. Therefore, this work can be easily completed using ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) tools. In the Go language, the most popular ORM framework currently is GORM, which supports MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite and other databases. When using GORM, we need to set the corresponding model, as shown in the following example:

type User struct {
  gorm.Model
  Name     string `gorm:"type:varchar(100);not null"`
  Age      int32  `gorm:"not null;default:18"`
  Gender   string `gorm:"type:varchar(10);not null;default:'male'"`
  Email    string `gorm:"type:varchar(100);not null"`
  Password string `gorm:"type:varchar(100);not null"`
}

Here we define a model named "User", which includes 6 fields. Among them, the first field uses the "Model" structure provided by GORM, which includes the default ID, CreatedAt, UpdatedAt, DeletedAt and other fields. We can define other fields as needed. For example, the "Name" field represents the user name and is stored using "varchar(100)". In this way, we can use the GORM framework to quickly perform database operations.

In addition to the ORM framework, we often use various HTTP processors when writing web applications in Go language. Among them, the most popular HTTP processor is Mux, which is a lightweight HTTP router that can easily map URLs to processor functions. In Mux, we can use custom types as parameters of the processor function, that is, pass in the parameters required by the processor function through "Dependency Injection". For example:

type HttpHandler struct {
  UserService *service.UserService // UserService是一个用户服务，包含了用户相关的逻辑
}

func (h *HttpHandler) RegisterRouter(router *mux.Router) {
  router.HandleFunc("/users", h.UserHandler) // UserHandler是一个处理用户请求的函数，它需要UserService的支持
}

func (h *HttpHandler) UserHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
  // 在这里我们可以使用h.UserService来完成对用户的操作
}

In this example, we define a type named "HttpHandler", which contains a field of type UserService. By calling the RegisterRouter method, we can associate the "/users" path with the UserHandler function. When processing the request, we can complete the user operation through h.UserService.

To sum up, using structures as models in the Go language and setting them up with the ORM framework and HTTP processor allows us to easily implement various applications. At the same time, this model setting method also conforms to the idea of ​​"lightweight and rapid development", allowing us to focus more on the implementation of business logic.

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