How to use Golang to implement a simple stack data structure

Golang is an open source programming language released by Google in 2009. It adopts some common syntax structures in C, such as packages, structures, pointers, etc., and also has the simplicity and ease of use of scripting languages ​​such as Python. This article will introduce how to use Golang to implement a simple stack data structure.

The concept of stack

The stack is a basic data structure and occupies an important position in computer science. It implements the storage and operation of data through the principle of Last In First Out (LIFO). We can compare the stack to a stack of plates. You need to take out the top plate to get to the lower plates, and the table where the plates are stored can be regarded as the memory space of the stack.

Implementation of stack

Golang does not provide a standard library for the stack, but we can use arrays to customize stack operations, including push, pop, and get stack Top element (Top) etc.

The following is the definition of a basic stack structure:

type Stack struct {
    top int           // 栈顶指针
    data []interface{}   // 存储数据的数组
}

Among them, top represents the top pointer of the stack, and data represents the array storing data. We can use the make function to create a new stack:

func NewStack() *Stack {
    return &Stack{top: -1, data: make([]interface{}, 0)}
}

After creating an instance of the stack, we can perform basic operations such as pushing and popping it:

func (s *Stack) Push(value interface{}) {
    s.top++
    // 空间不足时动态扩容
    if s.top >= len(s.data) {
        s.data = append(s.data, value)
    } else {
        s.data[s.top] = value
    }
}

func (s *Stack) Pop() interface{} {
    if s.top == -1 {
        return nil
    }
    value := s.data[s.top]
    s.top--
    return value
}

func (s *Stack) Top() interface{} {
    if s.top == -1 {
        return nil
    }
    return s.data[s.top]
}

func (s *Stack) Size() int {
    return s.top + 1
}

func (s *Stack) IsEmpty() bool {
    return s.top == -1
}

The above are some Basic stack operations, such as Push, Pop, Top, etc. In the process of operating the stack, it is necessary to determine whether the stack is empty and whether the position of the top pointer on the stack is valid.

Application of stack

The stack is very important in computer science and has a wide range of applications in many fields, such as:

• Function calls during code execution Stack;
• Recursive calculation in algorithm;
• Convert infix expression to suffix expression;
• Process scheduling and system calls in operating system, etc.

Summary

The stack is a basic data structure that is widely used in computer science. In Golang, we can use data structures such as arrays to implement a basic stack and perform basic push and pop operations. In actual programming, it needs to be used according to actual needs to improve the efficiency and effect of the program.

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