How to implement orm in golang

With the development of Internet technology and the continuous expansion of application scenarios, databases, as the core of information storage and transmission, have become an important part of application implementation in various industries. The ORM (Object Relational Mapping) technology, as an excellent database application management technology, has been widely used in various fields. This article will focus on the implementation of ORM in golang.

1. What is ORM

ORM technology, that is, Object Relational Mapping, refers to converting data in the database into objects that can be operated by business logic code without the need for Developers write the relevant SQL statements themselves. The advantage of ORM technology is that it can simplify developers' workload, improve project development efficiency, and avoid common problems such as SQL injection.

2. How to implement ORM in golang

In recent years, the language golang has become more and more popular in web development. At the same time, golang also provides some excellent ORM frameworks to meet various application needs.

1. GORM

GORM is a popular ORM framework in golang, providing functions including CRUD, related queries, transactions, etc. Its advantage is that it supports a variety of databases, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, etc., and also provides the function of automatic database migration.

The following is a simple example code for using GORM to operate a MySQL database:

import "gorm.io/gorm"
import "gorm.io/driver/mysql"
// 定义一个User对象
type User struct {
  gorm.Model
  Name string
  Age  uint
}

func main() {
  // 连接MySQL，并创建表
  dsn := "user:password@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/gorm_db?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True&loc=Local" // 数据库连接字符串
  db, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
  if err != nil {
    panic("failed to connect database")
  }

  // 迁移schema
  db.AutoMigrate(&User{})

  // 创建一个User对象
  user := User{Name: "Jack", Age: 18}

  // 添加记录
  db.Create(&user)
  
  // 查询记录
  var u User
  db.First(&u, "name = ?", "Jack")
  
  // 更新记录
  db.Model(&u).Update("Age", 20)
  
  // 删除记录
  db.Delete(&u)
}

As can be seen from the above code, GORM provides a simple and easy-to-use method for operating the database, and is suitable for complex related queries. Corresponding methods are also provided.

2. XORM

XORM is also an excellent ORM framework in golang, and there is not much difference in functionality from GORM. It supports a variety of databases, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, MSSQL, etc., and also performs very well in terms of performance.

A simple example code for using XORM to operate a MySQL database is as follows:

import (
  _ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
  "github.com/go-xorm/xorm"
  "log"
)

// 定义一个User对象
type User struct {
  Id   int    `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
  Name string `xorm:"varchar(25)"`
  Age  int
}

func main() {
  // 连接MySQL，并创建表
  engine, err := xorm.NewEngine("mysql", "root:password@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/test_db?charset=utf8")
  if err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
  }

  // 迁移schema
  if err := engine.Sync2(new(User)); err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
  }

  // 创建一个User对象
  user := &User{Name: "Jack", Age: 18}

  // 添加记录
  if _, err := engine.Insert(user); err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
  }
  
  // 查询记录
  u := &User{}
  if has, err := engine.Where("name = ?", "Jack").Get(u); err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
  } else if !has {
    log.Fatal("Record not exists")
  }
  
  // 更新记录
  u.Age = 20
  if _, err := engine.Update(u); err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
  }
  
  // 删除记录
  if _, err := engine.Delete(u); err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
  }
}

Through the above code, you can see that XORM also provides corresponding CRUD operations, and the usage is also very simple.

3. Summary

In Golang, there are various implementation methods of ORM framework. If the application scenario has high performance requirements, XORM is a good choice. If you need to support multiple databases and want the ORM framework to have high scalability, GORM is undoubtedly a good choice. Choosing an ORM framework that suits your application scenarios can greatly improve the efficiency of business code development and save development costs.

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