How to implement string conversion in golang

In recent years, Go language (golang) has become increasingly popular among programmers. As a general programming language, it supports various data types and structures like other languages. Golang also has some powerful features when processing strings. This article will focus on how to implement the string encoding function in golang.

In the golang built-in library, there is a package called encoding, which provides support for many string encoding and decoding. When dealing with string encoding, the most important thing is to understand the concept of character encoding. Character encoding was introduced to convert characters used by humans into binary values ​​that computers can understand and process. An important application of character encoding is to solve character display and storage problems in different language environments.

In golang, common character encodings include ASCII, UTF-8, UTF-16, GBK, GB2312, etc. Below we will introduce the implementation method of string conversion one by one.

1. ASCII encoding

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is a seven-bit binary character encoding. It is one of the earliest and most basic character encodings, containing only English letters, numbers and some punctuation marks. In golang, ASCII encoding is widely used and we can use it directly in strings.

For example, to convert a string to ASCII encoding, the code is as follows:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    str := "hello world"
    strAscii := []byte(str) // 转为 ASCII 编码
    fmt.Println(strAscii)   // [104 101 108 108 111 32 119 111 114 108 100]
}

2. UTF-8 encoding

UTF-8 (UCS Transfer Format -8) is a variable-length character encoding that supports all unicode characters. In golang, UTF-8 encoding is the encoding method used by default. You can directly use the functions in golang's built-in library, for example:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    str := "UTF-8编码测试"
    strUtf8 := []byte(str) // 转为 UTF-8 编码
    fmt.Println(strUtf8)   // [85 84 70 45 56 231 154 132 49 229 133 172 229 143 184 227 131 163]
}

3. UTF-16 encoding

UTF-16 is a fixed-length character encoding that uses 2 bytes to represent each unicode character. It is usually used in Asian languages ​​such as Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. In golang, you can convert between strings and UTF-16 encoding by using the built-in encoding package, for example:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "unicode/utf16"
)

func main() {
    str := "中国加油"
    strUtf16 := utf16.Encode([]rune(str)) // 转为 UTF-16 编码
    fmt.Println(strUtf16) // [20013 22269 39532 32423]
}

4. GBK encoding

GBK Yes An extended character set for Chinese character encoding, mainly for the Chinese domain. Compared with the original GB2312 Chinese character encoding, GBK adds more character sets to support a wider range of language environments. In golang, the conversion between strings and GBK encoding can be achieved by using the built-in encoding package, for example:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "golang.org/x/text/encoding/simplifiedchinese"
)

func main() {
    str := "我的世界"
    strGbk, _ := simplifiedchinese.GBK.NewEncoder().Bytes([]byte(str)) // 转为 GBK 编码
    fmt.Println(strGbk) // [25105 30340 19978 30028]
}

Through the above examples, we can know the function of implementing string encoding in golang Very easy. In addition to the above encoding methods, golang also supports a variety of other encoding methods, such as base64, etc. For golang programmers, learning these things is a must in order to have a better insight into string-related knowledge.

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