Example summary of how to write golang projects

In the era of big data, fast, efficient, and lightweight programming languages ​​are particularly favored by developers. Therefore, in recent years, Golang has been accepted and used by more and more developers because of its language features. This article will introduce how to write Golang projects and share my experience and insights in the project.

1. Project initialization

The initialization of Golang project usually requires setting the project name, path, dependency package, version, etc., which can be initialized through the following command:

go mod init

The above command will initialize a Go module named and create a go.mod file in the current directory.

2. Project structure

A good project needs to have a clear structure, which makes it easier for developers to maintain and manage the code. Golang projects usually contain the following files and directories:

• main.go: The entry file of the program. Logic code is usually written in this file.
• cmd: Used to store all commands of the application. Usually the command file name is associated with the command itself.
• internal: Used to store the source code of internal modules of the project. Other modules are not allowed to directly import the content in the internal module.
• pkg: used to store reusable public code.
• vendor: Save all dependency packages of the project.

It is recommended that the above directories be placed in the root directory of the project in order, for example:

├── cmd
│   ├── main.go
│   ├── command1.go
│   └── command2.go
├── internal
│   ├── module1
│   │   ├── module1.go
│   │   ├── module1_test.go
│   │   └── ...
│   ├── module2
│   │   ├── module2.go
│   │   ├── module2_test.go
│   │   └── ...
├── pkg
│   ├── pkg1.go
│   ├── pkg1_test.go
│   ├── pkg2.go
│   ├── pkg2_test.go
│   └── ...
├── vendor
├── go.mod
└── go.sum

3. Code quality

Clearly organized directories A project is a good starting point, but the quality of the code is also one of the keys to the success of the project. The following are some suggestions to improve code quality:

• Try to keep functions and interfaces as small as possible, and do not design too many parameters to avoid problems such as too long parameters and difficult to understand parameter types.
• Use simple naming methods, such as concise, easy-to-understand, simple nouns, and avoid using abbreviations and unnecessary words.
• Use Go's type system as much as possible, such as strings, integers, floating point numbers, etc. Using type aliases also benefits code readability.
• Use pointers carefully to avoid problems such as memory leaks and null pointer references. For situations where a pointer is required, it should be passed explicitly.
• Use fatal errors instead of warnings to indicate problems, which can improve the robustness of your code.

In addition, coding style is a good habit, for example:

• Use Tab to indent code (4 spaces equals Tab in go).
• Use single quotes instead of double quotes unless you need escaping.
• Use camel case notation.
• Use blank lines to separate code blocks to make the code structure clearer.

4. Testing

Testing is probably one of the most important parts of a project, ensuring that the code is stable and correct during development and deployment sex. Golang provides a built-in testing tool, which is usually used for unit testing and integration testing. Run the following command to test:

go test ./...

This will test all the code and print the test results.

5. Documentation

Documentation is a description of the code and an important way to read the code. Therefore, during project development, code readability and document writing are equally important. Here are some tips for writing good documentation: Use natural language and try to avoid abbreviations and technical language.

Use Markdown text markup language to write documents.
• Follow the documentation process of functional programming and describe the parameters, specifications, return values ​​and other information of the function.
• Provide sample code to make the code easier to understand.
• Update the documentation regularly.
• Summary

6. During the project development process, Golang provides some good tools and language features, such as packages, built-in tests, etc. This article introduces Golang project initialization, structure, code quality, testing and documentation. By following these basic steps, you can help developers develop better Golang projects.

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