What does IoT mean?

The Internet of Things refers to an information carrier based on the Internet, traditional telecommunications networks, etc., which enables all ordinary physical objects that can be independently addressed to form an interconnected network; the Internet of Things can communicate with others through various devices The technology collects any objects or processes that need to be monitored, connected, and interacted with in real time. Its main function is to give different objects an ID card, classify them and then connect them.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 10 system, Dell G3 computer.

What does the Internet of Things mean?

The Internet of Things is an information carrier based on the Internet, traditional telecommunications networks, etc. It allows all ordinary physical objects that can be independently addressed to form An interconnected network.

The Internet of Things can use advanced identification technology to convert the status of all objects into various parameters, and then share information through the Internet to form a network that connects all things.

At present, the Internet of Things has initially penetrated into people's lives in some fields. In the near future, with the development of perception and recognition technology, it will also bring more convenience to people.

The function of the Internet of Things is to give different objects an ID card, classify them and then connect them.

The Internet of Things (IoT for short) refers to the real-time collection of any needs through various information sensors, radio frequency identification technology, global positioning systems, infrared sensors, laser scanners and other devices and technologies. Monitor, connect, and interact objects or processes, collect their sound, light, heat, electricity, mechanics, chemistry, biology, location and other required information, and realize things and things, things and things through various possible network access The ubiquitous connection of people enables intelligent perception, identification and management of items and processes.

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Key technologies of the Internet of Things:

Radio frequency identification technology

When talking about the Internet of Things, we have to mention Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), which has attracted much attention in the development of the Internet of Things. RFID is a simple wireless system consisting of an interrogator (or reader) and many transponders (or tags). The tag is composed of a coupling element and a chip. Each tag has a unique electronic code for the extended term and is attached to the object to identify the target object. It transmits radio frequency information to the reader through the antenna, and the reader is the device that reads the information. RFID technology allows objects to "speak". This gives the Internet of Things a characteristic that is traceability. That is to say, people can grasp the exact location of items and their surrounding environment at any time. Retail analysts at Sanford C. Bernstein estimate that this feature of IoT RFID could save Walmart $8.35 billion annually, most of which is the labor cost savings of not having to manually read barcodes on incoming goods. . RFID helps the retail industry solve the two major problems of product out-of-stock and loss (products lost due to theft and disruption of the supply chain). Theft alone costs Wal-Mart nearly $2 billion a year.

Sensor Network

MEMS is the English abbreviation of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems. It is an integrated micro device system composed of micro sensors, micro actuators, signal processing and control circuits, communication interfaces and power supplies. Its goal is to integrate the acquisition, processing and execution of information to form a multi-functional micro system and integrate it into a large-scale system, thereby greatly improving the automation, intelligence and reliability level of the system. It is a relatively versatile sensor. Because MEMS has given new life to ordinary objects, they have their own data transmission channels, storage functions, operating systems and specialized applications, thus forming a huge sensor network. This allows the Internet of Things to monitor and protect people through objects. In the case of drunk driving, if micro-sensors are implanted in both the car and the car's ignition key, then when the drunk driver takes out the car key, the key will be able to detect the smell of alcohol through the odor sensor. It immediately notifies the car to "pause starting" through a wireless signal, and the car will be in a resting state. At the same time, the driver's mobile phone was "ordered" to send text messages to his relatives and friends, informing them of the driver's location and reminding them to come and deal with it as soon as possible. Not only that, in the future clothes can "tell" the washing machine how much water and washing powder is most economical; folders will "check" what important documents we have forgotten; labels on food and vegetables will tell customers' mobile phones whether "they" are truly "green" Safety". This is the result of being "thing" in the Internet of Things world.

M2M System Framework

M2M is the abbreviation of Machine-to-Machine/Man. It is a networked application and service centered on intelligent interaction of machine terminals. It will enable intelligent control of objects. M2M technology involves five important technical parts: machine, M2M hardware, communication network, middleware, and application. Based on the cloud computing platform and intelligent network, decisions can be made based on the data obtained by the sensor network, and the behavior of the object can be changed for control and feedback. Take a smart parking lot as an example. When the vehicle enters or leaves the antenna communication area, the antenna conducts two-way data exchange with the electronic identification card through microwave communication. The relevant information of the vehicle is read from the electronic vehicle card and stored on the driver's card. Read the driver's relevant information, automatically identify the electronic car card and driver's card, and determine whether the car card is valid and the driver's card is legal. Check the lane control computer to display the license plate number and driver's card that correspond to the electronic car card and driver's card. The lane control computer automatically stores the passing time, vehicle and driver information in the database. The lane control computer determines whether it is a normal card, unauthorized card, no card or illegal card based on the data it reads. Make appropriate responses and prompts. In addition, the elderly at home wear watches embedded with smart sensors, and children in other places can check whether their parents' blood pressure and heartbeat are stable at any time through their mobile phones; in a smart house, when the owner is at work, the sensor automatically closes the water, electricity, doors and windows, and regularly sends messages to the owner. Send a message on your mobile phone to report the safety situation.

Cloud computing

Cloud computing aims to integrate multiple relatively low-cost computing entities through the network into a perfect system with powerful computing capabilities, and with the help of advanced The business model allows end users to obtain services with these powerful computing capabilities. If computing power is compared to power generation capacity, then the shift from the ancient single-machine power generation model to the centralized power supply model of modern power plants is like the shift from the single-machine computing model that everyone is accustomed to to the cloud computing model, and the "cloud" is like a power plant, with features that a single machine cannot. Comparatively powerful computing power. This means that computing power can also be circulated as a commodity, just like gas, water, and electricity. It is easy to obtain and low-cost, so that users do not need to equip it themselves. Unlike electricity, which is transmitted through the power grid, computing power is transmitted through various wired and wireless networks. Therefore, one of the core concepts of cloud computing is to continuously improve the processing power of the "cloud" and continuously reduce the processing burden on the user terminal, ultimately simplifying it into a simple input and output device, and being able to enjoy the powerful computing of the "cloud" on demand. processing power. The perception layer of the Internet of Things obtains a large amount of data information, and after transmitting it through the network layer, it is put on a standard platform, and then high-performance cloud computing is used to process it, and the data is endowed with intelligence, so that it can finally be converted into useful information for end users. .

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