CPU mainly consists of arithmetic units and what

CPU is mainly composed of arithmetic units and controllers. The CPU is the core component of the computer. Its main function is to interpret computer instructions and process data in computer software. The CPU is the core component of the computer that reads instructions, decodes them, and executes them.

#The operating environment of this article: windows10 system, thinkpad t480 computer.

CPU is mainly composed of arithmetic units and controllers.

Central processing unit (CPU) is one of the main devices of electronic computers and the core component of computers. Its function is mainly to interpret computer instructions and process data in computer software. The CPU is the core component of the computer that reads instructions, decodes them, and executes them.

The central processing unit mainly consists of two parts, namely the controller and the arithmetic unit, which also include cache memory and the data and control bus that realize the connection between them. The three core components of an electronic computer are the CPU, internal memory, and input/output devices. The main functions of the central processing unit are to process instructions, perform operations, control time, and process data.

In computer architecture, the CPU is the core hardware unit that controls and allocates all hardware resources of the computer (such as memory, input and output units) and performs general operations. The CPU is the computing and control core of the computer. The operations of all software layers in the computer system will eventually be mapped to CPU operations through the instruction set.

Related expansion:

CPU appeared in the era of large-scale integrated circuits. The iterative updates of processor architecture design and the continuous improvement of integrated circuit technology have prompted its continuous development and improvement. From being initially dedicated to mathematical calculations to being widely used in general computing, from 4-bit to 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit processors, and finally to 64-bit processors, from the incompatibility of various manufacturers to the emergence of different instruction set architecture specifications, CPUs have been developing rapidly since their inception.

CPU development has a history of more than 40 years. We usually divide it into six stages.

(1) The first stage (1971-1973). This was the era of 4-bit and 8-bit low-end microprocessors, and the representative product was the Intel 4004 processor.

In 1971, the 4004 microprocessor produced by Intel integrated the arithmetic unit and the controller on one chip, marking the birth of the CPU; in 1978, the emergence of the 8086 processor laid the foundation for the X86 instruction set architecture. Subsequently The 8086 series processors are widely used in personal computer terminals, high-performance servers and cloud servers.

(2) The second stage (1974-1977). This is the era of 8-bit mid-to-high-end microprocessors, and the representative product is Intel 8080. At this time, the command system has been relatively complete.

(3) The third stage (1978-1984). This was the era of 16-bit microprocessors, and the representative product was the Intel 8086. Relatively speaking, it is relatively mature.

(4) The fourth stage (1985-1992). This is the era of 32-bit microprocessors, and the representative product is Intel 80386. It is already capable of multi-tasking and multi-user operations.

The 80486 processor released in 1989 implemented a 5-level scalar pipeline, marking the initial maturity of the CPU and the end of the development stage of traditional processors.

(5) The fifth stage (1993-2005). This was the era of the Pentium family of microprocessors.

In November 1995, Intel released the Pentium processor, which for the first time adopted a superscalar instruction pipeline structure and introduced out-of-order execution of instructions and branch prediction technology, which greatly improved the performance of the processor. Therefore , the superscalar instruction pipeline structure has been adopted by subsequent modern processors, such as AMD (Advanced Micro devices)'s Ryzen and Intel's Core series.

(6) The sixth stage (after 2005). Processors are gradually developing towards more cores and higher parallelism. Typical representatives include Intel's Core series processors and AMD's Ryzen series processors.

In order to meet the upper-layer work requirements of the operating system, modern processors have further introduced functions such as parallelization, multi-core, virtualization and remote management systems, which continue to promote the development of upper-layer information systems.

(Learning video sharing: Programming video)

The above is the detailed content of CPU mainly consists of arithmetic units and what. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!