What are the commonly used file operations in java?

我们先来介绍一下字节流和字符流的概念及区别:
(学习视频分享:java教学视频)
区别字节流和字符流概念
字节流:字节流读取的时候,读到一个字节就返回一个字节;主要用于读取图片,MP3,AVI视频文件。
字符流:字符流使用了字节流读到一个或多个字节,如读取中文时,就会一次读取2个字节。只要是处理纯文本数据,就要优先考虑使用字符流。
字节流和字符流区别
字节流操作的基本单元为字节;字符流操作的基本单元为Unicode码元。字节流默认不使用缓冲区;字符流使用缓冲区。字节流通常用于处理二进制数据,实际上它可以处理任意类型的数据,但它不支持直接写入或读取Unicode码元;字符流通常处理文本数据,它支持写入及读取Unicode码元。
文件常用操作:
创建、删除文件夹
String path = "F:\\test";
File myFile = new File(path);
if (!myFile.exists()) {
// 创建文件夹
myFile.mkdir();
// myFile.mkdirs();
// 删除文件夹
myFile.delete();
}
// mkdirs()可以建立多级文件夹, mkdir()只会建立一级的文件夹创建、删除文件
String content = "Hello World";
// 第一种方法:根据文件路径和文件名
String path = "F:\\test";
String filename = "test.txt";
File myFile = new File(path,filename);
// 第二种方法
String file = "F:\\test\\test.txt";
File myFile = new File(file);
if (!myFile.exists()) {
// 创建文件(前提是目录已存在,若不在,需新建目录即文件夹)
myFile.createNewFile();
// 删除文件
myFile.delete();
}写入文件
// 第一种:字节流FileOutputStream FileOutputStream fop = new FileOutputStream(myFile); byte[] contentInBytes = content.getBytes(); fop.write(contentInBytes); fop.flush(); fop.close(); // 第二种:FileWriter(参数true为追加内容,若无则是覆盖内容) FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(myFile,true); fw.write(content); fw.close(); // 第三种:BufferedWriter BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(myFile,true)); bw.write(content); bw.flush(); bw.close(); // 第四种:打印流PrintStream和PrintWriter // 字节打印流:PrintStream // 字符打印流:PrintWriter PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter(myFile,true)); pw.println(content); // 换行 pw.print(content); // 不换行 pw.close(); // 常用BufferedWriter和PrintWriter
读取文件
FileInputStream
// 第一种:以字节为单位读取文件,常用于读二进制文件,如图片、声音、影像等文件。
InputStream in = new FileInputStream(myFile);
// 一次读一个字节
int tempbyte;
while ((tempbyte = in.read()) != -1) {
System.out.write(tempbyte);
}
in.close();
// 一次读多个字节
int byteread = 0;
byte[] tempbytes = new byte[100];
ReadFromFile.showAvailableBytes(in);
while ((byteread = in.read(tempbytes)) != -1) {
System.out.write(tempbytes, 0, byteread);
}
// System.out.write()方法是字符流,System.out.println()方法是字节流InputStreamReader
// 第二种:以字符为单位读取文件,常用于读文本,数字等类型的文件
Reader reader = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(myFile));
// 一次读一个字节
int tempchar;
while ((tempchar = reader.read()) != -1) {
// 对于windows下,\r\n这两个字符在一起时,表示一个换行。
// 但如果这两个字符分开显示时,会换两次行。
// 因此,屏蔽掉\r,或者屏蔽\n。否则,将会多出很多空行。
if (((char) tempchar) != '\r') {
System.out.print((char) tempchar);
}
}
reader.close();
// 一次读多个字节
char[] tempchars = new char[30];
int charread = 0;
// 读入多个字符到字符数组中,charread为一次读取字符数
while ((charread = reader.read(tempchars)) != -1) {
// 同样屏蔽掉\r不显示
if ((charread == tempchars.length) && (tempchars[tempchars.length - 1] != '\r')) {
System.out.print(tempchars);
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < charread; i++) {
if (tempchars[i] == '\r') {
continue;
} else {
System.out.print(tempchars[i]);
}
}
}
}BufferedReader
// 第三种:以行为单位读取文件,常用于读面向行的格式化文件
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(myFile));
String tempString = null;
int line = 1;
// 一次读入一行,直到读入null为文件结束
while ((tempString = reader.readLine()) != null) {
// 显示行号
System.out.println("line " + line + ": " + tempString);
line++;
}
reader.close();
// 常用BufferedReader遍历文件(以删除一个文件夹下所有文件为例)
File[] files=myFile.listFiles();
for(int i=0;i<files.length;i++){
if(files[i].isDirectory()){
files[i].delete();
}
}文件函数:
//判断文件是否存在 myFile.exists() //读取文件名称 myFile.getName() //读取文件路径(相对路径) myFile.getPath() //读取文件绝对路径 myFile.getAbsolutePath() //读取文件的父级路径 new File(myFile.getAbsolutePath()).getParent() //读取文件的大小 myFile.length() //判断文件是否被隐藏 myFile.isHidden() //判断文件是否可读 myFile.canRead() //判断文件是否可写 myFile.canWrite() //判断文件是否为文件夹 myFile.isDirectory()
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