What is the basic working principle of a von Neumann structure computer?

The basic working principle of a von Neumann structure computer is mainly divided into stored programs and program control. In advance, the instruction sequence [called a program] that controls how the computer operates and the original data are transmitted to the computer through the input device. In the memory, each instruction clearly stipulates the address from which the computer will fetch the data, what operation it will perform, and then what address it will send to.

The basic working principle of the von Neumann structure computer:

When the computer is running, it first reads from the memory Take out the first instruction, pass the decoding of the controller, and according to the requirements of the instruction, take out the data from the memory for the specified Arithmetic and logical operations are processed, and then the results are sent to the memory according to the address. Next, take out the second instruction and complete the specified operation under the command of the controller. Continue accordingly. Until a stop command is encountered. Programs are accessed in the same way as data. According to the order of programming, instructions are taken out step by step and automatically complete the operations specified by the instructions. This is the most basic working principle of the computer. The working principle of the von Neumann architecture computer can be summarized in eight words. : Stored program, program control .

• Stored program --- compile the steps to solve the problem into a program (usually composed of several instructions), and store the program in the computer's memory (referring to main memory or memory);

• Program control---Read instructions from the computer's main memory and send them to the computer's controller. The controller controls the entire machine to execute the operations specified by the instructions based on the function of the current instruction. Complete the function of the instruction. Repeat this operation until the instructions in the program are executed.

The characteristics of von Neumann architecture computers are:

1) Use a single processing component to complete calculation, storage and communication Work.

2) The storage unit is a fixed-length linear organization.

3) The units of storage space are directly addressable.

4) Using low-level machine language, instructions complete simple operations through opcodes.

5) Centralized sequence control over calculations.

6) The computer hardware system consists of five major components: arithmetic unit, memory, controller, input device, and output device and stipulates their basic functions.

7) Use binary form to represent data and instructions.

8) When executing programs and processing data, the programs and data must be loaded from the external memory into the main memory, and then the computer can automatically adjust the instructions to be fetched from the memory and executed during operation.

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