What are the ways to implement current limiting in nginx?

By looking at the official nginx documentation, we can know that there are three nginx current limiting methods, namely:

(Recommended tutorial: nginx tutorial)

1, limit_conn_zone

2, limit_req_zone

3, ngx_http_upstream_module

Here is a brief introduction to the above three methods:

1. limit_conn_zone

nginx configuration

http{ 
 limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m; 
 server 
 { 
   ...... 
  limit_conn one 10; 
  ...... 
 } 
}

Among them, "limit_conn one 10" can be placed in the server layer to be effective for the entire server, or it can be placed in the location only for a single location is valid.
This configuration indicates that the number of concurrent connections for the client can only be 10.

2. limit_req_zone

nginx configuration

http{ 
 limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=req_one:10m rate=1r/s; 
 server 
 { 
   ...... 
  limit_req zone=req_one burst=120; 
  ...... 
 } 
}

"limit_req zone=req_one burst=120" can be placed in the server layer pair It is valid for the entire server, or it can be placed in a location and is only valid for a single location.

rate=1r/s means that each address can only be requested once per second, which means that the token bucket burst=120 has a total of 120 tokens, and only new ones are added every second. After 1 token and 120 tokens are issued, additional requests will return 503.

3. ngx_http_upstream_module

nginx configuration

upstream xxxx{ 
 
 server 127.0.0.1:8080 max_conns=10; 
 
 server 127.0.0.1:8081 max_conns=10; 
 
}

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