How to learn golang?

HTTP log middleware in Go can record request methods, paths, client IP and time-consuming. 1. Use http.HandlerFunc to wrap the processor, 2. Record the start time and end time before and after calling next.ServeHTTP, 3. Get the real client IP through r.RemoteAddr and X-Forwarded-For headers, 4. Use log.Printf to output request logs, 5. Apply the middleware to ServeMux to implement global logging. The complete sample code has been verified to run and is suitable for starting a small and medium-sized project. The extension suggestions include capturing status codes, supporting JSON logs and request ID tracking.

Goprovidesbuilt-insupportforhandlingenvironmentvariablesviatheospackage,enablingdeveloperstoread,set,andmanageenvironmentdatasecurelyandefficiently.Toreadavariable,useos.Getenv("KEY"),whichreturnsanemptystringifthekeyisnotset,orcombineos.Lo

Run the child process using the os/exec package, create the command through exec.Command but not execute it immediately; 2. Run the command with .Output() and catch stdout. If the exit code is non-zero, return exec.ExitError; 3. Use .Start() to start the process without blocking, combine with .StdoutPipe() to stream output in real time; 4. Enter data into the process through .StdinPipe(), and after writing, you need to close the pipeline and call .Wait() to wait for the end; 5. Exec.ExitError must be processed to get the exit code and stderr of the failed command to avoid zombie processes.

The answer is: Go applications do not have a mandatory project layout, but the community generally adopts a standard structure to improve maintainability and scalability. 1.cmd/ stores the program entrance, each subdirectory corresponds to an executable file, such as cmd/myapp/main.go; 2.internal/ stores private code, cannot be imported by external modules, and is used to encapsulate business logic and services; 3.pkg/ stores publicly reusable libraries for importing other projects; 4.api/ optionally stores OpenAPI, Protobuf and other API definition files; 5.config/, scripts/, and web/ store configuration files, scripts and web resources respectively; 6. The root directory contains go.mod and go.sum

The if-else statement in Go does not require brackets but must use curly braces. It supports initializing variables in if to limit scope. The conditions can be judged through the elseif chain, which is often used for error checking. The combination of variable declaration and conditions can improve the simplicity and security of the code.

FornewGo1.21 projects,useslogforofficialstructuredloggingsupport;2.Forhigh-performanceproductionservices,chooseZaporZerologduetotheirspeedandlowallocations;3.ForeaseofuseandrichintegrationslikeSlackorSentryhooks,Logrusisidealdespitelowerperformance;4

gorun is a command for quickly compiling and executing Go programs. 1. It completes compilation and running in one step, generates temporary executable files and deletes them after the program is finished; 2. It is suitable for independent programs containing main functions, which are easy to develop and test; 3. It supports multi-file operation, and can be executed through gorun*.go or lists all files; 4. It automatically processes dependencies and uses the module system to parse external packages; 5. It is not suitable for libraries or packages, and does not generate persistent binary files. Therefore, it is suitable for rapid testing during scripts, learning and frequent modifications. It is an efficient and concise way of running.

Routing in Go applications depends on project complexity. 1. The standard library net/httpServeMux is suitable for simple applications, without external dependencies and is lightweight, but does not support URL parameters and advanced matching; 2. Third-party routers such as Chi provide middleware, path parameters and nested routing, which is suitable for modular design; 3. Gin has excellent performance, built-in JSON processing and rich functions, which is suitable for APIs and microservices. It should be selected based on whether flexibility, performance or functional integration is required. Small projects use standard libraries, medium and large projects recommend Chi or Gin, and finally achieve smooth expansion from simple to complex.