Integrate Vue in Flask-Python Tutorial-php.cn

Integrate Vue in Flask

Guanhui

Release： 2020-06-15 18:09:27

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Integrate Vue in Flask

This tutorial answers the question, "How do I integrate Vue.js into Flask?" Because you are reading this tutorial, so I assume you know that Flask is a Python microframework built for rapid web development. If you're new to Flask, or you think I might be talking about a thermos, I recommend you read this before continuing with this tutorial.

Vue.js is a progressive framework for building user interfaces. If you're not familiar with it, you can read about it here.

Now that you are familiar with Flask and Vue.js, we can get started.

Flask settings

Let’s install a few dependencies first:

pip install --user cookiecutter

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Cookiecutter is a great command line tool for quickly bootstrapping projects template. We are using cookiecutter so we don't need to spend too much time configuring the project. Keep in mind that Flask does not include a battery like Django does, so a lot of work must be put into the initial setup of your project. Now that you have Cookiecutter installed, we need to grab a project template. For this tutorial, we only need a simple Flask API. Run the following command:

cookiecutter gh:mobidevke/cookiecutter-flask-api-starter

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You should get the following output:

repo_name [api-starter]: flask-vuejs-tutorial
api_name [Api]: api
version [1.0.0]: 1.0.0

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A folder named

flask-vuejs-tutorial

should be created. Navigate to the folder and you should see the following structure:

├── app
│   ├── config.py
│   ├── factory.py
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── models
│   │   ├── base.py
│   │   ├── database.py
│   │   ├── datastore.py
│   │   └── __init__.py
│   ├── resources
│   │   ├── example.py
│   │   └── __init__.py
│   └── utils.py
├── pytest.ini
├── README.md
├── requirements.txt
├── settings.py
├── tests
│   ├── conftest.py
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── test_app.py
│   ├── test_models.py
│   ├── test_resources.py
│   └── utils.py
├── unit-tests.sh
└── wsgi.py

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It’s beautiful, isn’t it?

Before we continue, we need to set up a virtual environment. Execute:

python -m venv venv

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Now you can open the project folder using your favorite IDE/text editor. Before proceeding to the next step, remember to activate the virtual environment.

Now we can install dependencies. Execution:

pip install -r requirements.txt

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After completion, open app/config.py

. You'll notice that this API template uses a postgres database connection. If you don't mind, you can setup postgres db with necessary credentials. Otherwise, replace the contents of that folder with the following lines of code:

import os

class Config:
    ERROR_404_HELP = False

    SECRET_KEY = os.getenv('APP_SECRET', 'secret key')

    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = 'sqlite:///tutorial.db'
    SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = False

    DOC_USERNAME = 'api'
    DOC_PASSWORD = 'password'

class DevConfig(Config):
    DEBUG = True

class TestConfig(Config):
    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = 'sqlite://'
    TESTING = True
    DEBUG = True

class ProdConfig(Config):
    DEBUG = False

config = {
    'development': DevConfig,
    'testing': TestConfig,
    'production': ProdConfig
}

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We have removed all postgres configuration in favor of sqlite's configuration. If you are using postgres, leave the

conf.py

file unchanged. Now we need to export the Flask application. Execute:

export FLASK_APP=wsgi:app

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Now that we have completed the settings of Flask’s API, execute:

flask run

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and open http://127.0.0.1:5000/example on the browser. You should see the following:

{"message": "Success"}

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Vue.js Settings

Now that our API is ready, we can move on to bootstrapping the vue application.

The first thing we need to do is install vue cli. Execute:

npm install -g @vue/cli
# OR
yarn global add @vue/cli

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Once the installation is complete, you can check if the version is correct (3.x) using the following command:

vue --version

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In the root of the project folder run:

vue create web

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I chose

default (babel, eslint)

as the default and yarn as my package manager. If you are familiar with node projects, you can go ahead and choose your preferred option. If not, follow the default settings for this tutorial. Now navigate to the newly created web
folder and run:

yarn serve
# OR
npm run serve

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If you navigate to http://localhost:8080/, you should see

Welcome to Your Vue.js App

text. Now we are ready to start integration.

In the Web folder, create a file called

vue.config.js

and paste the following content:

const path = require('path');

module.exports = {
  assetsDir: '../static',
  baseUrl: '',
  publicPath: undefined,
  outputDir: path.resolve(__dirname, '../app/templates'),
  runtimeCompiler: undefined,
  productionSourceMap: undefined,
  parallel: undefined,
  css: undefined
};

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Here, define for Vue cl i some configuration. We are only interested in three fields:

assetsDir, baseUrl, outputDir

. Let's start with outputDir. This folder holds the location of the built Vue files, which is the folder that will hold the
index.html
that will load the Vue application. If you observe the path provided, you will notice that the folder is located inside the app module of the flask application. assetsDir
Save the folder used to store static files (css, js, etc.). Note It is relative to the value provided in the outputDir field. Finally, the baseUrl
field will save the path prefix of the static file in index.html. You can check this to learn more about other configuration options. Run now:

yarn build
# OR
npm run build

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如果打开 app 文件夹, 您会注意到已经创建了两个新文件夹, 即templates 和 static。它们包含内置的vue文件。
现在在app 文件夹中创建一个 views.py 文件并粘贴以下内容：

from flask import Blueprint, render_template, abort
from jinja2 import TemplateNotFound

sample_page = Blueprint('sample_page', 'sample_page', template_folder='templates')

@sample_page.route('/sample')
def get_sample():
    try:
        return render_template('index.html')
    except TemplateNotFound:
        abort(404)

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现在，这是怎么回事呢？
好吧，现在我们创建一个名为 sample_page 的 Flask 蓝图(blueprint)，并添加路由。这条路由将渲染我们的 Vue 应用。

打开 __init__.py 文件并在 app = f.flask 下添加以下几行:

.....
app = f.flask
from .views import sample_page

app.register_blueprint(sample_page, url_prefix='/views')

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在这里, 我们正在注册之前创建的蓝图(blueprint)。
我们为蓝图(blueprint)指定了url前缀，以便于可以从 /views/sample访问我们的vue应用程序。

真相时刻到啦。

打开 http://127.0.0.1:5000/views/sample，您应该能看到以下内容:

Integrate Vue in Flask

如果您检查日志, 将看到正确加载了内置资源:

 * Serving Flask app "wsgi:app"
 * Environment: production
   WARNING: Do not use the development server in a production environment.
   Use a production WSGI server instead.
 * Debug mode: off
 * Running on http://127.0.0.1:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
127.0.0.1 - - [24/May/2019 20:45:02] "GET /views/sample HTTP/1.1" 200 -
127.0.0.1 - - [24/May/2019 20:45:02] "GET /static/css/app.e2713bb0.css HTTP/1.1" 200 -
127.0.0.1 - - [24/May/2019 20:45:02] "GET /static/js/chunk-vendors.b10d6c99.js HTTP/1.1" 200 -
127.0.0.1 - - [24/May/2019 20:45:02] "GET /static/js/app.c249faaa.js HTTP/1.1" 200 -
127.0.0.1 - - [24/May/2019 20:45:02] "GET /static/img/logo.82b9c7a5.png HTTP/1.1" 200 -
127.0.0.1 - - [24/May/2019 20:45:02] "GET /views/favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 -

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您已经成功将Flask与Vuejs集成

推荐教程：《Python教程》

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