What knowledge should I learn about Linux operation and maintenance?

What knowledge is needed for Linux operation and maintenance? The following article will introduce it to you. It has certain reference value. Friends in need can refer to it. I hope it will be helpful to everyone.

#If you want to learn Linux, you must know what Linux operation and maintenance does?

Linux operation and maintenance is divided from low to high into basic operation and maintenance, advanced operation and maintenance, and operation and maintenance architect. Different levels of operation and maintenance have different responsibilities and need to do different things. Of course The skills required to master are also different.

Operation and maintenance personnel must follow the principles of “simplicity, ease of use, and efficiency”. There are three major purposes for operation and maintenance services:

1. Enterprise data security.

2. 7*24 hours business continues to provide services.

3. Continuously improve user experience.

Daily work involved in junior and intermediate operation and maintenance:

1. Evaluate product needs and development needs, and design website architecture.

2. Select IDC companies, cloud products, CDN and other products.

3. Purchase the server, install the system, configure the service, and launch the server IDC.

4. Debugging the network, optimizing the system and services.

5. Launch the code, cooperate with R&D to build the environment, debug, and test the code.

6. Monitor hardware, software and various business applications.

7. Configure the collection of logs and alarms and optimize the system and services based on log information

8. Solve daily problems, such as hardware (servers, switches, hardware, networks, etc.), software (network service), various business service failures.

9. Write automated scripts (Shell, Python) and automatically deploy services.

Work involved by senior operation and maintenance or architect:

1. Monitor the changing trends of key resources and access information such as bandwidth, traffic, concurrency, and business interfaces.

2. Continuously optimize the website structure according to corresponding trend changes.

3. Design various solutions to solve website bottlenecks encountered in the company's business development.

4. Write various automated scripts (Shell, Python) to automatically deploy and optimize services.

5. Develop an automated deployment and management platform (CMDB) to achieve platform-based operation and maintenance.

6. Develop operation and maintenance management platform and operation and maintenance tool products to improve service efficiency.

7. Develop operation and maintenance processes, specifications, and systems, and advance them in an orderly manner.

8. Research advanced operation and maintenance concepts and models to ensure continuous, stable and orderly business.

Ok, after knowing what the operation and maintenance work is, let’s discuss the knowledge that needs to be mastered

linuxThe first thing you need to learn is the basic knowledge of Linux. After learning the basic knowledge, you can After getting started, you will also need to learn knowledge about comprehensive architecture, shell programming, databases, cloud computing and network security.

1. First of all, the linux operating system is essential.

If you want to learn Linux system, you can choose redhat or centos, especially centos is the most used in enterprises. Of course, there are other versions. For example, the basic use, disk management, software package management, process management, user management, etc. of many systems used in enterprises such as ubuntu, suse, debian, etc. are the focus of learning

2. Some of the most common simple services

There are many types of services, and each company will use different services, but you must master the basic services, such as ssh, apache, at, crontab, ftp, dns, nfs, nginx, etc., not only deployment, but also the configuration inside must be very familiar. Because the most critical thing for the company is definitely the web server, so nginx and apache must be particularly familiar. Some companies also use tomcat, and you also need to know this.

3. Bash script programming

Shell is a must-have for operation and maintenance personnel. If you don’t understand this, you can’t even join the job. At least you have to write some system management scripts. The simplest thing is to write Script to monitor CPU and memory ratio! This is the most basic. Don’t think you can write about guessing numbers and calculating numbers. These are of no use. They are only for learning. Writing system scripts is the most meaningful.

sed and awk are script programming The most important thing in the process is to master it. While mastering these two tools, you must also master regular expressions. Regular expressions are the most difficult expressions to learn, but they will be very powerful when combined with sed and awk. When processing text Content and filtering Web content are very useful, but they are often used in combination when learning the shell.

4. Text processing commands

Various small commands, such as sort, tr, cut, paste, uniq, tee, etc. are must-learn

5. Database

MySQL, MySQL is definitely the most used in Linux. You must learn additions, deletions, modifications and queries, especially familiarity with queries. Other aspects may not be necessary, because operation and maintenance personnel use queries most. What optimizations are there? And the development statement will not let you do it.

6. Firewall

You can’t do it if you don’t learn it. Firewall is also a difficult point. It’s not difficult to say, it’s not easy to say. The most important thing is to understand the rules. If you have learned CCNA, you may It will be easier to learn, because iptables also has a NAT table, the principle is the same, and the FILTER table is used the most. If you don't learn it, you will definitely fail.

7. Monitoring tools

are very important. You can choose 1 from zibbix or prometheus for the time being, but zibbix is ​​used most by enterprises because prometheus is a new generation of monitoring. When will it mature? Application is still not so certain, but what is certain now is that it is definitely the top priority in container monitoring.

8. Cluster and hot standby

It’s very important and must be understood. There are many cluster tools, such as LVS, nginx, etc., and hot backup. This can be achieved with more tools, such as keepalived, rhcs, etc.

9. Data backup

There are many tools, but you must at least understand the principles of RAID, especially the 1 0 or 0 1 most commonly used by enterprises. You must also experiment and figure it out yourself. There are many backup tools, such as tar , dump, rsync, etc.

10. Automated operation and maintenance tools

ansible, puppet, saltstack, etc. are all very popular automated operation and maintenance tools, but they are difficult to master

11. Cloud platform

Openstack, cloudstack, etc., especially openstack is the public cloud or private cloud underlying platform used by most companies now. In a world full of clouds In the IT era, it’s really hard to understand point cloud things

12. Container platform

Another emerging technology after the cloud, it is now very popular, docker, kubernetes, etc. , it can almost be said that if you want to get a high salary now, you must learn something

Recommended: "linux tutorial"

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