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In computer science and mathematics, a Sorting algorithm (English: Sorting algorithm) is an algorithm that can arrange a series of data according to a specific sorting method. This article will summarize several commonly used sorting algorithms, including bubble sort, selection sort, insertion sort, quick sort and merge sort.
1. Bubble sort
Principle diagram
Understanding:By repeatedly iterating through the list to be sorted, comparing each pair of adjacent items, and swapping them if they are in the wrong order.
Code:
public class BubbleSort { // logic to sort the elements public static void bubble_srt(int array[]) { int n = array.length; int k; for (int m = n; m >= 0; m--) { for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { k = i + 1; if (array[i] > array[k]) { swapNumbers(i, k, array); } } printNumbers(array); } } private static void swapNumbers(int i, int j, int[] array) { int temp; temp = array[i]; array[i] = array[j]; array[j] = temp; } private static void printNumbers(int[] input) { for (int i = 0; i < input.length; i++) { System.out.print(input[i] + ", "); } System.out.println("\n"); } public static void main(String[] args) { int[] input = { 4, 2, 9, 6, 23, 12, 34, 0, 1 }; bubble_srt(input); } }
2. Selection sort
Principle Figure
Understanding:The inner loop finds the next minimum (or maximum) value, and the outer loop puts the value into its proper location.
Code:
public class SelectionSort { public static int[] doSelectionSort(int[] arr){ for (int i = 0; i < arr.length - 1; i++) { int index = i; for (int j = i + 1; j < arr.length; j++) if (arr[j] < arr[index]) index = j; int smallerNumber = arr[index]; arr[index] = arr[i]; arr[i] = smallerNumber; } return arr; } public static void main(String a[]){ int[] arr1 = {10,34,2,56,7,67,88,42}; int[] arr2 = doSelectionSort(arr1); for(int i:arr2){ System.out.print(i); System.out.print(", "); } } }
3. Insertion sort
Principle Figure
Understanding:Each step inserts a record to be sorted into the previously sorted sequence. Until all elements are inserted.
Code:
public class InsertionSort { public static void main(String a[]){ int[] arr1 = {10,34,2,56,7,67,88,42}; int[] arr2 = doInsertionSort(arr1); for(int i:arr2){ System.out.print(i); System.out.print(", "); } } public static int[] doInsertionSort(int[] input){ int temp; for (int i = 1; i < input.length; i++) { for(int j = i ; j > 0 ; j--){ if(input[j] < input[j-1]){ temp = input[j]; input[j] = input[j-1]; input[j-1] = temp; } } } return input; } }
4. Quick sort
Schematic diagram
Understanding:Decompose the original problem into several smaller sub-problems but similar structures to the original problem, and solve these sub-problems recursively. problem, and then combine the solutions to these sub-problems into a solution to the original problem.
Code:
public class QuickSort { private int array[]; private int length; public void sort(int[] inputArr) { if (inputArr == null || inputArr.length == 0) { return; } this.array = inputArr; length = inputArr.length; quickSort(0, length - 1); } private void quickSort(int lowerIndex, int higherIndex) { int i = lowerIndex; int j = higherIndex; // calculate pivot number, I am taking pivot as middle index number int pivot = array[lowerIndex+(higherIndex-lowerIndex)/2]; // Divide into two arrays while (i <= j) { /** * In each iteration, we will identify a number from left side which * is greater then the pivot value, and also we will identify a number * from right side which is less then the pivot value. Once the search * is done, then we exchange both numbers. */ while (array[i] < pivot) { i++; } while (array[j] > pivot) { j--; } if (i <= j) { exchangeNumbers(i, j); //move index to next position on both sides i++; j--; } } // call quickSort() method recursively if (lowerIndex < j) quickSort(lowerIndex, j); if (i < higherIndex) quickSort(i, higherIndex); } private void exchangeNumbers(int i, int j) { int temp = array[i]; array[i] = array[j]; array[j] = temp; } public static void main(String a[]){ MyQuickSort sorter = new MyQuickSort(); int[] input = {24,2,45,20,56,75,2,56,99,53,12}; sorter.sort(input); for(int i:input){ System.out.print(i); System.out.print(" "); } } }
5. Merge sort
Principle Figure
Understanding:Divide the sequence to be sorted into several sub-sequences with a length of 1, and then divide these sequences into two Merge two; obtain several ordered sequence of length 2, and then merge these sequence two by two; obtain several ordered sequence of length 4, and then merge them two by two; until directly merged into one sequence.
Code:
public class MergeSort { private int[] array; private int[] tempMergArr; private int length; public static void main(String a[]){ int[] inputArr = {45,23,11,89,77,98,4,28,65,43}; MyMergeSort mms = new MyMergeSort(); mms.sort(inputArr); for(int i:inputArr){ System.out.print(i); System.out.print(" "); } } public void sort(int inputArr[]) { this.array = inputArr; this.length = inputArr.length; this.tempMergArr = new int[length]; doMergeSort(0, length - 1); } private void doMergeSort(int lowerIndex, int higherIndex) { if (lowerIndex < higherIndex) { int middle = lowerIndex + (higherIndex - lowerIndex) / 2; // Below step sorts the left side of the array doMergeSort(lowerIndex, middle); // Below step sorts the right side of the array doMergeSort(middle + 1, higherIndex); // Now merge both sides mergeParts(lowerIndex, middle, higherIndex); } } private void mergeParts(int lowerIndex, int middle, int higherIndex) { for (int i = lowerIndex; i <= higherIndex; i++) { tempMergArr[i] = array[i]; } int i = lowerIndex; int j = middle + 1; int k = lowerIndex; while (i <= middle && j <= higherIndex) { if (tempMergArr[i] <= tempMergArr[j]) { array[k] = tempMergArr[i]; i++; } else { array[k] = tempMergArr[j]; j++; } k++; } while (i <= middle) { array[k] = tempMergArr[i]; k++; i++; } } }
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