After 8 years, Python returns to the throne of programming language of the year in 2018

Recently, TIOBE, the world-renowned programming language popularity ranking website, announced that Python has become the programming language of the year in 2018.

This is also the first time since 2010 that Python has returned to the top of the annual programming language rankings after 8 years.

TIOBE

Python earned this title because it ranked higher than all other languages ​​in 2018. The Python language won 3.62%, followed by Visual Basic .NET and Java.

Python has now become part of a large programming language.

In the past 20 years, C, C and Java have been in the top three, far ahead of other products.

Now, Python is joining these three languages, it is the most commonly taught first language in universities today, it is ranked #1 in statistics, #1 in AI programming, and #1 in scripting Ranked #1 when it comes to writing system tests. Apart from this, Python also leads the field of web programming and scientific computing.

In short, Python is everywhere!

TIOBE Programming Language of the Year (2009-2018)

According to TIOBE, the top 10 programming languages ​​include:

Java, C, Python, C, Visual Basic .NE, JavaScript, C#, PHP, SQL and Objective-C.

TOP10 Programming Language Index Trend (2002-2019)

As can be seen from the above figure, Python has already competed with C Languages ​​are getting closer, and Python is gradually breaking the dominance of the three major languages ​​of Java, C, and C.

January 2019 Programming Language Ranking

In fact, the Python language also relies on Its simplicity, readability, scalability, embeddability and rich libraries are very popular among developers.

Python Features

① Python is developed using C language, but Python no longer has pointers in C language, etc. Complex data types.

② Python has strong object-oriented features and simplifies object-oriented implementation. It eliminates object-oriented elements such as protected types, abstract classes, and interfaces.

③ Python code blocks use spaces or tabs to separate codes in indentation.

④ Python has only 31 reserved words, and there are no semicolon, begin, end and other marks.

⑤ Python is a strongly typed language. After a variable is created, it will correspond to a data type. Variables of different types appearing in unified expressions require type conversion.

Build a development environment in Python

① You can download the installation package from www.python.org, and then install it through configure, make, and makeinstall.

② You can also go to activestate to download the ActivePython component package.

For ActivePython, if you are a Windows user, just download the msi package and install it; if you are a Unix user, just download the tar.gz package and decompress it directly.

③ Python IDE, including PythonWin, Eclipse PyDev plug-in, Komodo, EditPlus.

Python Application

System Programming

Provide API (ApplicationProgrammingInterface application programming interface) , which can facilitate system maintenance and management. It is one of the iconic languages ​​​​under Linux and is an ideal programming tool for many system administrators.

Graphics processing

It is supported by graphics libraries such as PIL and Tkinter, which can facilitate graphics processing.

Mathematical processing

NumPy extensions provide extensive interfaces to many standard mathematics libraries.

Text processing

The re module provided by Python can support regular expressions, and also provides SGML and XML analysis modules , many programmers use python to develop XML programs.

Database Programming

Programmers can use modules that follow the PythonDB-API (Database Application Programming Interface) specification Communicates with Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, Sybase, DB2, MySQL, SQLite and other databases. Python comes with a Gadfly module, which provides a complete SQL environment.

Network Programming

Provides rich modules to support socket programming, which can easily and quickly develop distributed applications. It is widely used by many large-scale software development projects such as Zope, Mnet and BitTorrent. Google.

Web Programming

Application development language that supports the latest XML technology.

Multimedia Application

Python's PyOpenGL module encapsulates the "OpenGL application programming interface" and can perform two-dimensional and three-dimensional image processing. The PyGame module can be used to write game software.

PYMO engine

PYMO is called pythonmemoriesoff. It is a engine that runs on SymbianS60V3, Symbian3, S60V5, Symbian3, AVG game engine on Android system.

It is named PYMO because it is developed based on the python2.0 platform and is suitable for creating AVG games in the style of memoriesoff.

Python application scenarios

Web application development

Python often Used for web development.

For example, through the mod_wsgi module, Apache can run Web programs written in Python.

Python defines the WSGI standard application interface to coordinate communication between Http servers and Python-based Web programs.

Some web frameworks, such as Django, TurboGears, web2py, Zope, etc., allow programmers to easily develop and manage complex web programs.

Automated scripts for operating system management and server operation and maintenance

In many operating systems, Python is a standard system component.

Most Linux distributions as well as NetBSD, OpenBSD and MacOSX have integrated Python, and Python can be run directly under the terminal.

There are some Linux distribution installers written in Python language, such as Ubuntu's Ubiquity installer, RedHatLinux and Fedora's Anaconda installer. GentooLinux uses Python to write its Portage package management system.

Using IronPython, Python programs can directly call .NetFramework.

Generally speaking, system management scripts written in Python are superior to ordinary shell scripts in terms of readability, performance, code reuse, and scalability.

Scientific Computing

NumPy, SciPy, and Matplotlib allow Python programmers to write scientific computing programs.

Desktop software

PyQt, PySide, wxPython, and PyGTK are powerful tools for quickly developing desktop applications in Python.

Server software (network software)

Python has perfect support for various network protocols, so it is often used Used for writing server software and web crawlers.

The third-party library Twisted supports asynchronous network programming and most standard network protocols (including clients and servers), and provides a variety of tools that are widely used to write high-performance server software.

Games

Many games use C to write high-performance modules such as graphics display, and use Python or Lua to write games logic, server. Compared with Python, Lua has simpler functions and smaller size; while Python supports more features and data types.

Python application direction

General software development

Python support Functional programming and OOP object-oriented programming can undertake any kind of software development work, so conventional software development, scripting, network programming, etc. are all standard capabilities.

Scientific Computing

With the development of NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib, Enthoughtlibrarys and many other libraries, Python is becoming more and more popular. It is increasingly suitable for doing scientific calculations and drawing high-quality 2D and 3D images.

Compared with Matlab, the most popular commercial software in the field of scientific computing, Python is a general programming language. It has a wider range of applications than the scripting language used by Matlab and has more program library support. .

Although many advanced functions and toolbox in Matlab are still irreplaceable, there are still many tasks in daily scientific research and development that can be done by Python.

Automated operation and maintenance

This is almost the exclusive domain of Python applications. As the preferred programming language for operation and maintenance engineers, Python has become deeply rooted in automated operation and maintenance. For example, Saltstack and Ansible are both well-known automation platforms.

Cloud computing

The open source cloud computing solution OpenStack is developed based on Python. Students who engage in cloud computing are got it.

Web Development

Don’t have too many web development frameworks based on Python, such as the familiar Django and Tornado , Flask.

The Python Django architecture has a wide range of applications, a very fast development speed, and a low learning threshold, which can help you quickly build usable WEB services.

Web crawler

Also known as web spider, it is the core tool for obtaining data in the big data industry.

Without web crawlers automatically, day and night, and highly intelligent crawling of free data on the Internet, there would probably be three-quarters fewer companies related to big data.

There are many programming languages ​​that can write web crawlers, but Python is definitely one of the mainstream, and its Scripy crawler framework is widely used.

Data analysis

Based on a large amount of data, combined with scientific computing, machine learning and other technologies, the data Cleaning, deduplication, normalization and targeted analysis are the cornerstones of the big data industry. Python is one of the mainstream languages ​​for data analysis.

Artificial Intelligence

Python is mainstream programming in machine learning, neural networks, deep learning, etc. in the large field of artificial intelligence Language, widely supported and used.

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